Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/761

* CUENCA. 653 CUI. to its decline. In 1S74 Cuenca fell into the power of the Carlists, who ravaged the city, infuriated by its stubborn resistance. CUERNAVACA, kwur'na-vil'ka. The capital .)f the State uf Jlorelos, Jlexico, magnificently situated in the valley of the Cueniavaea, 47 miles south of Mexico City, and .5000 feet above sea-level (Jlap: Mexico, .J S). It eon- tains a church built by Cortes, an agricul- tural academy, a fine Government building, a theatre (with a capacity for 2000 spec- tators ), a hospital, and a literary institute. The city is the centre of a fertile district, and has extensive sugar-refineries and distil- leries. Near by are the ruins of an Aztec tem- ple, 400 feet high, composed of five terraces. Cuernavaca, at the advent of the Spaniards, was an old Indian village, and became, after its capture, the favorite residence of Cortes, his ' palace being still extant. In 18G3 Maximilian made it his residence. It bears many marks of his royal favor, especially in its public gardens. Population, in 1895, 8747. CXJEEO, kwfi'ro. A town and the county- seat of Dewitt County, Tex., 101 miles east by south of San Antonio ; on the San Antonio and Aransas Pass and the Southern Pacific rail- roads (Map: Texas, F 5). It is located in a rich agricultural belt, producing chiefly corn and cotton, and has cotton gins and compresses, a eotton-mill. cottonseed-oil mills, machine-shops, a tannerv, broom-factories, etc. Population, in 1890, 2442; in 1900, 3422. CUERVO, kwar'vo, Jost RuFixo (1844—). A Spanish-American author, born at Bogota, Colombia. He has made his home in Paris. He became an authority on the Spanish language, on which subject he published: Apunturiones criticas sobre la lengua Bogotann (1872), and a critical edition of the Grumatica Castellana of Andres Bello (1800). CUESTAS, kwfi'stas. .TuAjf Lisbo. (1837—). A South American politician and a President of Uruguay, horn at Paysandii. In 1879 he became collector of customs, in 1880 Secretary of the Treasury, in 1886 Secretary of State, and in 1891 Senator for Pavs.andu. He was appointed president of the Senate in 1897: in 1898, after the assassination of President Borda, was placed in charge of the provisional Govcminent: and in 1899 Tvas elected President of the Republic. CTJEVA, kwa'va, Henriquez Arias de Saa- TEDRA, B.M.TAZAR DE LA (1(526-86). A Spanish statesman. He was born in JIadrid, and was a son of the Duke of Albuquerque. He was educat- ed at the University of Salamanca, and succes- sively became Councilor of State. Councilor of the Indies, Ambassador to Germany, and Vice- roy of Peru, Tierra Firma, and Chile, in which capacity he introduced many beneficent reforms and greatly improved the condition of the Indians. CUEVA, .TuAN DE LA (1550-1607). A Span- ish poet, born in Seville. Of the life of this poet very little is known. He left a quantity of worlds, in the form of plays, poems, letters, epigrams, romances, and histories. The plays are of the most value, as in them he departed from the classic model, and attempted a more romantic and less artificial type. CUEVAS DE VERA, kw:-i'viis dA xh'rk. A town of Spain, in the Province of Almeria, 42 miles nortleast of Almeria (Map: Sjiain. D 4). It is sitiiated in a jdain on the right bank of the Almanzor, near its entrance into the Medi- terranean, and is generally well built, with broad and regular streets. It has two spacious plazas, and anumg the principal edifices are an old ^Moorish castle and the parish Church of the Incarnation, a handsome Doric structure, d.ating from 1758. A large number of persons are employed in the silver-mines of the vicinity; agriculture and stock-raising arc also important industries. There are some manufactures, prin- cipally of potterv. Po])ulation, in 1890, 20,341 ; in liKIO, 20,603. ' CTJFA, koo'fa. A ruined city of Mesopotamia, in the Turkish Vilayet of Bagdad. It was founded by the Arab conquerors of Persia soon after the decisive battle of Cadesia in 036, and speedily became the political and intellectual capital of the early Caliphate. At the height of its pros- perity it numbered from 150,000 to 200.000 inhabitants, for the most part of the pure Arab stock of Yemen. The schools of Cufa exercised the verj' greatest inllucnce on the development of Arabian literature and theologj', and its gram- marians were the originators of the so-called Cufan script, which occurs frequently in Arabic manuscripts. Internal dissensions and the re- moval of the capital to Damascus brought about the decline of the city. CTJFFE, William Ulick O'Connor. See De- s.RT, Fourth Earl of. CUF'FEE, Pavl (1759-1818). An American sea-captain, half Indian, half negro, boni near New Bedford, Mass. He was a member of the Society of Friends, and used his wealth, acquired at sea, in the effort to encourage the colonization of his people in Sierra Leone. He carried out thirty-eight colonists on his own ship in 1815, and died while waiting for permission from Eng- land to make further settlements in the colony. CUF'FEY. A name formerly given to negroes in the West Indies, and common among the ma- roons of Jamaica. CTJ'FIC WRITING. See KuFic Writing. CUI, ku'e'. CfisAR Antonovitch (1835—). A Russian composer and military engineer, born at Vilna. He studied at the g;s'ninnsium. where his father, a survivor of Napoleon's army of inva- sion, taught French. After studying music with Moniuszko (q.v. ) for some six months at Vilna, he entered the School of Engineering and the Engineering Academy at Saint Petersburg, be- coming subsequently professor of fortification in several military academies. Among his pupils have be^n severiil gr;ind dukes, the famous Skobelefi'. and Nicholas II. During the Russo- Turkish War he was sent to examine the forti- fications on the Danube. His report. Tour Notcf! of an Enfiincering Ofjicer from the Theatre of Militart/ Operations in European Twrkei/, was translated into several languages, and attracted considerable attention. Among his text-books the best-known are: A Short Manual of Field Fortification (7th ed. 1894), and A Short His'torical l^ketch of Permanent Fortification (1889). His musical studies he continued with I'alakireflT (q.v.). making his di'bnt with .a Scherzo in F major for orchestra (1859).