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* CLOUD ON TITLE. 54 CLOUS. Title; and consult the autliorities referred to under the Jast-nienlioned reference. CLOUDS, T]1E. The most famous of the comedies of Aristophanes, produced in B.C. 423, when it took the tliird prize. It is a satire on the Sophists, and unjustly attacks Socrates as their representative. CLOUDY BAY. An inlet of Cook Strait, to the northeast of South Island, New Zealand. ( loudv Harbor, on its north shore, is well known (Map": East India Islands, L 7). The south sliore is bold anil lofty. The rivers Awatere and Wairan flow into the bay. CLOUET, kluo'a'. A French family of paint- ers, originally Flemish. Jehan, the first Clouet, lived in Brussels about 1475, and does not seem to have left his country. His son, Jeh.^n, called Jehannkt {c.1485-1541 ), came to France, and settled at Tours, where he married .Jeanne Boucault. Afterwards he went to Paris, where, about I5I8, he became Court painter and valet- dechambre to Francis I. Two portraits of the King are attributed to him — one representing him as a J'oung man, in the Louvre, and the other representing him as a middle-aged man. in the Pitti Palace, Florence. This latter was also sup- posed to be by Holbein, and may possibl.y be by Francois, Jeh.innet"s son. Both works have the hall-mark of the Fleniisli School — a certain dry- ness and elaboration of detail and great delicacy of treatment. — Fban^ois, also called Jehan or Jehannet (c.I510-7'2), was probably born at Tours. He succeeded his father as Court painter and valet-de-chambre to Francis I., and after- wards held the same position under Henry II., Francis II., Charles IX.. and Henry III. There are several allusions to him in the Court docu- ments of the time, and we learn from them that he molded the wax funeral effigies of Francis I. and Henry II. Despite the influence of the Italian artists, whom Francis and his successors patronized. Jehan was considered the first painter of his day. The poets Ronsard and Du Bellay both speak of his portraits. Jlany of his works have l)een mistaken for those of Holbein, and only two of his portraits, those of Charles IX. and Elizabeth of Austria, have been posi- tively identified as his. He preserves the Flem- ish realistic method and love of detail, carried to an extreme, in his treatment of such acces- sories as jewels and lace, along with precision and delicacy in flesh-painting. Other pictures probably by him are portraits of Francis II. as a child, in the Antwerp JIuseum, and of the Duke of Anjou. Berlin Museum, and a portrait called Sir Thomas More, in the Brussels Museum. His subjects are usually small full - lengths, with a background of greenish blue. A large number of drawings are also attributed to him. Many portraits in the style of Clouet were produced by copyists and imitators. There is supposed to have been still another Cloxiet, a brother of Francois; but of him nothing is known. Con- sult: Laborde, hn miaissanre dps arts a In cotir dc Franrc (Paris, 1S5.t) : Woltmann und Woer- mann, fieschichic der Mnlerei. ii. (Leipzig, 1879- 82) ; Pattison, The Rennissiince of Art in France (London. 1879) : Gower, Three Biindred Por- traits hy Clouet fit Castle Howard (London, 187.5). CLOUGH, kliif, Akthitr HrcH (1819-61 ). An English author. He was born in Liverpool, but when only four years old was taken by his father, a merchant, to Charle.ston, S. C. He re- turned to England, however, in 1828, and was at llugby under Doctor Arnold, whose strenuous appeal to moral responsibility in boys probably had an un!i;ippy elVect upon Clough"s tempera- ment, naturally high-strung, with a tendency to more or less morbid introspection. Uis Oxford career had an even more decisive influence on his life. He entered the university at the height of the "Tractarian Jlovement,' with one of whose most brilliant men, William George Ward, he was intimate. For a time he was carried away by the new current, but the reaction took him further in the opposite direction. He held a fellowship at Oriel College from 1843 to 1848, but relinquished it when it became clear to him that he could no longer subscribe to the reli- gious doctrines involved — becoming later an ex- aminer under the Education Department, like Matthew Arnold, with whom he had nuich in common. His temperament was essentially skep- tical — in no mere negative sense, but in that of reverent and anxious seeking for the truth at all costs. It is this characteristic which dominates the whole of his literary work, whether verse or jirose. In his three longer poems. Dipsychus, The Bothie of Tohcr-na-Vuiil^ch, and Amours de royaye, the analysis of character disturbed by spiritual conflict is the main interest: though he shows a perfect consciousness that the habit of self-analysis and suspense of judgment may be carried too far. " After his death, which oc- cirred on a tour in Italy, he was commemorated in one of the noblest elegies in the English lan- guage — Arnold's TJiyrsis : and I^owcll ( whom, with Emerson, Longfellow, and other eminent men, he had met on a visit to America) expressed (he feeling that he would "be thought a hundred years hence to have been the truest expression in verse of the moral and intellectual tendencies, the doubt and struggle toward settled convic- tions, of the age in which he lived." His Poems and Prose Remains, with letters and a memoir by F. T. Palgrave, were published the year after his death. CLOUGH-LBIGHTEE, kluf'-la'ter. Henry (1874 — ). An American organist and composer. He w'as born in A"ashington. and was educated at Columbia University (1887-89) and at Trinity University. Toronto, Canada. So rapid was his progress, that at the age of fifteen he received an appointment as organist at Saint ^Michael and All Angels' Church, Washington, and in 1892 he became organist at the Church of the Epiphany and the Jewish synagogue in that city. In 1899 he removed to Providence, where he was for one year organist of (irace Church. He was pro- fessor of musical ethics and theory at the Howe School of Music, Boston, Mass., in 1902. He has written several excellent compositions, among which are the following: Festival Service in D Major (1896); Te Deum Laudamiis. G Major (1898): Ave Vinum. (1901); Wassail (1901); Like a Rose Should Be (1901). CLOUS, John W^ alter (1837—). A German- American soldier, born and educated in Germany. He came to the United States in 185.5, enlisted in the Ignited States Army in 1857, and served initil 1S62. when he was appointed second lieu- tenant of the Sixth Infantry. He fought in the Civil War. and greatly distinguished himself at Gettysburg, for which conduct he received the brevet of first lieutenant and captain. He wa»