Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/702

* CROQUET. 606 CROSBY. a national convention to settle a uniform code of American rules. Yet in both couftlries by 1894 it bad been so entirely supplanted by lawn tennis that the English national association went out of existence, and in America only a few of its votaries remained. About 1900 it again came into vogue in England, while in America, luider the name of roque (q.v.). it has become a highly scientific and enthusiastically followed game. 6 1 ' '■•.. .< STARTING ■t POST / XQ I  ^ ,0 /....■•■■■■; ' %> ■ • • • V)0 c . o... • "■*'••.. •Q- o j.Q. i /' X .'TURNING ' POST 3 S CKOQUET. It is played either on a court of grass or closely packed earth, on which a number of arches (from six to ten) have been placed up- right in a defined order. Each player has a mallet and a ball. Two can play the game, but it is a better game when played by the maximum number allowed (eight), divided into pairs of partners, each playing alternately. The object is to get the ball through every arch or hoop in due order, and to keep opponents from doing so, by interference within the rules. The English and American methods varied from the first — in England the championship round was through six hoops arranged in a pre- scribed form ; in America it was through ten hoops, arranged in entirely diflferent order. In England the championship court was rectangu- lar, in America the comers of a court 36 X 72 feet were cut ofT. Then, too, the size of the lialls and .the width of the hoops varied; in England the hoops were at first o to l.S inches «ide at the base; gradually they were reduced to uVi! inches, and ultimateiy to 3%, leaving Vs of an inch margin on either side of the ball. Even this small margin was reduced in America. In many other respects the Auierican game has been made more dillicult. The few «ho have restored croquet to popu- larity, and made it a highly scientific game, with shorter and better mallets, specially prejjared courts with rubber cushions, and more dillicult hoops, played the eighteentli annual champion- ship of the National Croquet Association, under the old name of croquet, in 1899, after which they adopted the new name roque, to mark the dis- tinction between the two games. They made Xorwich, Conn., their headquarters. Enthusi- asts place the game above billiards in .scientific possibilities; and, without the full admission of that claim, it may be allowed that it is the near- est ciulduur game to Ijilliards in all its essentials. The rules of the two games, technical terms, and diagrams, will be found in Croquet and ]oqiic, in Spalding's Athletic Library, Xew York. See also The Complete Croquet Player (London, 1874 and 189G) ; Lillie, The Book of Croquet (London, 1872). CROSBY, krozT)!, Alphecs (1810-74). An American educator and author. He was born at Sandwich, N. H., graduated at Dartmouth in 1827, and studied theology at Andover from 1S31 to 1832. He became profes.sor of Latin and Greek at Dartmouth in 1833. and of Greek only in 1837. From 18.57 to 1805 he was principal of the Salem (ilass.) Normal School. He pub- lished a Greek grammar, an edition of the Ana- basis, Greek Fables, Greek Lessons, Greek Tables; also The Second Advent (1850), and First Les- sons in Geometry (1851). CROSBY, Fe.kce,s Jaxe ( 1820—) . An Ameri- can hynm-writer, born at South East, Putnam Covnity. N. Y. She lost her eyesight when an infant six weeks old. After attending the Insti- tution for the Blind, in New York City, for nine years, she became instructor of Greek and Roman history and of various other branches at that institution, and continued to teach there until her marriage to Alexander Van Alstyne in 1858. Her sacred publications include several thousand hymns, some of whicji are contained in IMoody and Sankey's Gospel Hymns, and in Mr. Sankey's .SVioa/ Honps and Solos. Among her best-known verses are: "Safe in the Arms of Jesus;" "Pass Me Not, Gentle Saviour:"' "Jesus is Calling:" and "I am Thine, O Lord." Her songs include the well-known compositions, "There's Music in the Air" and "Hazel Dell." Her secular poems have been published under the titles The Blind Girl "'"' Othrr Poems (1844) and Bells nl Evening and Other Poems (1898). CROSBY, How.RD (1826-91). An American clergyman, born in New York City. He gradu- ated at New York University in 1851, was pro- fessor of Greek there until 1859, and subse- quently held the same chair in Eutgers College. He was ordained in 1861. and became pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, in New Bruns- wick. N. J. From 1863 to 1891 he was pastor of the Fourth Avenue Presbyterian Church. New Y'ork. and from 1870 to 1881 was chancellor of