Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/685

* CRITTENDEN COMPROMISE. 591 CROATIA. sated; (4) that Congress was (o have no power to prohibit or hinder the transportation of slaves from one State to another, or to a Territory where slavery was legal: (5) that Congi-css might jirovide that in cases where escaped slaves were rescued, or their arrest prevented by mobs, the owners should be compensated by the United States, which in turn might recover damages from the county in which the illegal act occurred. All of these amendments were to be permanent and 'unamciidable." The compromise was defeated in a committee of the Senate, and failed of con- sideration in the IIouso. CRIVELLI, IcrevOl'le, Caju-o. A Venetian painter of the fifteenth century. His art was formed under the iulluence of the School of Padua, but he gradually developed a style of his own, and worked in several cities of the Roman llarches, especially at Ascoli, where he finally settled. His work, while somewliat angular and stiff, is characterized by tenderness and interest- ing richness of detail. He introduced agreeable landscape backgrounds and was particularly fond of giving fruits and ilowers as accessories. Among his works are: "Madonna Enthroned." in the Cathedral at Ascoli; "ilagdalen." in the Berlin !Museuui ; "iladoima with Saints," '"Crueilixion," and "Coronation of the Virgin," in the Brera Gallery at Jlilan. CROAKER. See Drum; Gbuxt. CROAKER AND CO. The pseudonym adopted by .Joseph Rodman Drake and Fitz-Greene Halleck in the C'roaher Pieces, in the New York Eretihifi Post (1819). CROAKER, Sir. and IMrs. An oddly assorted couple in Goldsmith's The Good-natured Man: she is as merry in her cynicism as he is lugubri- ous in his. CBOATAN, kro-a'tan. An island off the coast of Xortli Carolina, south of Roanoke Is- land, at the time of the first English attempt at colonization, about 1585. By the shifting of the sands it is now probabl.v a part of Hatteras or Ocracoke Island. A colony of 117 persons landed by Sir Walter Raleigh upon Roanoke Is- land in 1587, and of whose ultimate fate nothing definite was ever afterwards learned, is sup]>osed to have taken refuge with friendly Indians upon Croatan Island, and to have eventually become absorbed into that tribe. Recently, new interest has been given to the story through the claim of descent from these colonists, asserted by a con- siderable body of mixed-blood stock in Robeson County, in the southern part of the State. Al- though their claim has probably no sound histori- cal basis, they have been oHicially recognized by the State as a separate people under the name of 'Croatan Indians.' CROATIA (kro-a'shi-a) AND SLAVONIA (Slav. Hrvatska i Slavonii/a, Hung. Borviit-SUi- voiiorsziig. fi-om Croat. Hrvat. OChurch Slav. Khriivatini'i. Slov. Khrraf. Pol. Kartrat. Rnss. Khrovate, Croat, and OChurch Slav. Slorirninu. Rubs. Slai^ifaninii. JlGk. ''EaKXafiripd!, Eslclabeiios, a Slav, whence Ger. Sklnre, Engl, xinrc). A kingdom of Austria-Hungary, constituting one of the lands of the Hungarian Crown (Jlap: Hun- gary, D 4). It is separated by the Drave and the Danube from Hungary proper on the north- east, by the Save from Ser%Ma and Bosni;i on the south, has Dalmatia and the Adriatic on the southwest, and St,vria, Carniola, and Istria on the west. Croatia constitutes the southwestern portion; Slavonia, the northeaetem part. Ita area is 10,770 square miles. A large y.ivt of the surface consists of moun- tain chains ranging in height from aliout 200(1 to ■1000 feet, priucipall.v spiirs of the .TuUan and Styrian Alps. In Croatia are the Agrani higli- lands, the Croatian Karst (see ICakst), with an elevation of about 500 feet, the two ranges of Great and Little Kapella, the former reaching a height of about 500 feet, ajid the 'e!ebit range, whose highest summit is about 57.50 feet. On the borders of Carniola are the Uskok Sloun- tains. The beautiful mountain region on the northwest is called Croatian Switzerland. The interior f)art along the Save consists of an extensive and fruitful valley. The eastern part is interspersed with fertile, well-cultivated valleys, while the western part is covered with forests. There are several small rivers flowing into the Save and Drave, and a number of lakes on the coa-st. The climate is generally moderate, btit very raw in the eoastland of Croatia, whicii is exposed to the currents from the .drialic and to the tierce ravages of the Bora, a cold northeastern wind, verv destructive in its efl'ccts and greatly feared by the inhabitants. In this western portion of the province the winters are long and the sum- mers dry. In parts of Slavonia the climate is very insalubrious, on account of numerous swamps. The annual average temperature of the province fluctuates between 48° and 52° F. The soil is fairly fertile and the range of vegetation ven' wide. About 31 per cent, of the productive area is arable land, 25 jicr cent, is in meadows and pastures, and over 3(i per cent, is under for- ests. The common European cei'eals are raised extensively, especially wheat and com. The yield of potatoes is considerable. Fruits of dif- ferent kinds are gro in abundance, notably apples, plums, nuts, and grapes in the southern part of the countiy. Hogs are raised in large numbers. The mineral production of Croatia and Slavo- nia is unimportant. Some coal, iron, marble, copper, and sulphur figure in the exports. The manufacturing industries are only slightly de- veloped. There are some silk-mills, glass and sugar mills, a few ship-building, milling, paper, and leather establishments in the coast districts, and a number of distilleries. The plum brandy of Slavonia is famous under the name of flli- icoicit;:. There is a considerable transit trade, largely carried on through the ports of Fiume, Zengg, and Porto Re. The chief articles of export are grain, fruits, wine, lumber, and flour. The province is well provided with railway facilities, and the two navigable watercourses of the Save and Danube contribute largel.v to its commercial importance. Much traffic is also carried on with Bosnia over the mountain roads. The Ban. appointed by the Emperor, as King of Hungary, with the approval of the Hungarian Prime ilinister, is at the head of the provincial administration. In its local administration (he province is autonomous. It has a Diet {Lnii<l- tfifi) composed of the Church dignitaries, mag- nates, and representatives of the towns and rural . eomniunities, the last being elected indirectly. In the Hungarian Diet, the province is represented by forty Deputies in the l.ow<'r House and three in the Upper House. It is entitled to one min-