Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/666

* CBICKET. 574 CRILLON. schools. Almost aiinuall_v, in recent years, either an English, Australian, or Irish eleven has visited Pliiladelpliia, Xew York, and Toronto. The Intercollegiate Cricket League is composed of teams ri^presenting the University of Penn- sylvania, Harvard, and liaverford. The game is played between two teams of oleven men each, on a level grass-field, but the exigencies of climate in Australia and the Pacific Slope of California sometimes necessitate a cement-based, matted stretch. In the centre of the field a wicket is pitched; i.e. three stumps of wood about 1% inches in diameter and 27 inches liigh are placed in a line so tluit with the space between them they cover eight inches; on the top of these are two light wooden bails. Twenty-two yards in a direct line from and opposite these, three similar bail-topped stumps are erected. A line from each wicket or set of stumps is dravTi in white chalk, extending right and left from them about three feet. This is the bowling-crease, beyond which the bowler must not pass wiien delivering the ball. In front of the stumps, four feet from them, and parallel with them, another white line is drawn, called the popping-crease, within which is the batsman's domain. The bat used mvist not be longer than 38 inches or wider than i^^ inches. The ball is 3 inches in diameter and Aveiglis 'about 5^/^ oimces. An umpire is appointed by each team, and, before starting a match, they settle what shall be considered boundaries and other condi- tions of play. Then the captains toss for the right to select which team shall go to the bat first. The team which so elects sends two men in. one to each wicket; the other team sends a bowler to one end and disperses the other ten men about the field in such positions as the cap- tain's knowledge of the kind of bowler, and the kind of batter, indicates to him as likely to be most efficacious. The impire then calls 'play,' and the bowler bowls, not throws, the ball from the end opposite the batter. If it is a ball which the batsman can reach, he either blocks it or hits it to some part of the field; if he thinks he can run to the opposite wicket and the other batsman change places with him before the ball is returned and either wicket thrown down with it, he runs; and a 'run' is scored each time the batsmen cross each other. The bowler bowls four, five, or six balls ( four in a three days' match) from one end; and then the ball is handed over to a second bowler, who bowls an equal number of balls from the opposite end. The batsman may be put out in any of the fol- lowing ways: if he fails to defend his wicket and the bowled ball knocks off the bails ('bowled') ; a fielder catches a batted ball before it touches the ground ('caught') ; should the bats- man fail to have his bat or any part of his person within the popping-crease before his wicket is thrown down with the ball ('run out') ; if he steps out of his ground to Jilay a ball, misses it, and the wicket-keeper throws his wicket down with it before he can step back ('stumped') ; if when a straight ball has been bowled to him, which in the judgment of the umpire would have hit his wicket had he not prevented it by inter- posing any pai-t of his body except his hand ('leg before wicket') : if in playing at the ball he knocks down his o^vn wicket ('hit wicket') : or if he willfully obstructs the fielders. ATien a bats- man is put out another takes his place, and the game proceeds until the tenth man is out. Then, there being no more batsmen to come, the eleventh man's innings comes to an end, he being 'not out.' The total number of runs made off the bats, with a few penalties added which it is not necessary to detail here, make up that side's score. Then the other side goes in to l)at. Each eleven has normally two innings taken alternately, the total score of each side determining the result of the match. The bibliography of cricket is extensive. Lilly- white, Crichelers' Annual, and Wisden, Cricket Almanack, are the standard authorities on the rules for the current years. For general his- tory and annals, consult: Steel and Lvttelton, Cricket (London, ISSfl) : Lvttelton, ' Cn'c/.-ei (London. 1890) ; Murdoch, Cricket (London, 1893) ; Lyttclton. Outdoor Games: Cricket and Golf (London, 1901); Prince Ranjitsinhji, The Jubilee Book of Cricket (Edinburgh, 1897) ; Read, Annals of Cricket (London, 1897). CRICKET-FROG. A small frog {Aeris gryl- las; nortlicrn specimens are variety crepitans) abundant throughout the wanner parts of the United States, east of the plains, and noted for its rattling cricket-like cries in spring. (See Colored Plate with ToAU.) It is about an inch long, brownish, with a blackish triangular patch (apex backward) between the eyes, the borders of which are liglit-colored. continued as a dor- sal band to the rear end of the body; throat in spring yellow, and legs barred; but all these colors change with surroundings, as the species possesses tiie power of metachrosis in a high de- gree. "The note of this species," says Cope, ''may be exactly imitated by striking two marbles together, first slowly, then faster and faster, for a succession of about twenty or thirty beats. The noise cannot be heard at a very great dis- tance. ... It keeps on the high gi-ass in and around inarshy places, seldom if ever as- cending trees or bushes. When pursued it leaps with prodigious agility and hides under water." Their eggs are deposited in April, in little masses attached to the blades of coarse grass. A short time afterwards all the great numbers which make the marshes so noisy in April and ilay die off, so that until the eggs hatch and the young 'peepers' develop late in August, the species is practically extinct. Consult -bbott, "Notes on the Habits of the Savannah Cricket-Frog," in American 'NatxiraVist (Philadelphia, 1882). CRICKET ON THE HEARTH, The. A Christmas tale by Charles Dickens (1845), in which a cricket on the hearth and a tea-kettle play an important part. CRIEFF, kref. A police burgh and health re- sort in Perthshire, Scotland, on the Earn, 17 miles west of Perth (Map: Scotland. E 3) . It is beautifully situated at the foot of the Gram- pians, near the entrance to the Highlands. Its healthful climate makes it a summer resort of invalids, for whom there is provided a high-class hydropathic establishment. There are numerous handsome country seats in the vicinity. The greatest Scotch cattle market was held here till 1770, when it was removed to Falkirk. Popu- lation, in 1901, 5208. CRILLON, kre'yoN', Lotns des Balbes de Berton de (1541-1G15). A celebrated French general, surnanied 'L'homme sans peur,' and 'Le Brave.' He was born at ilurs, in Provence, and