Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/662

* CRETONNE. 570 CREVATTX. Some cretonnes are now printed on both sides with ditl'erent patterns. CREUSA, krt-u'sa (Lat., from Gk. Kpiovaa, Krcousu). (1) The wife of Jason, and daughter of King Creon of Corinth. She was burned to death with her father by the magical poisoned diadem and robe given to her as bridal gifts by Medea. (2) The daughter of Priam and Hecuba, and wife of .-Eneas. She disappeared during the flight from Troy, and when ^-Eneas returned to tlie burning city to search for her she reappeared, annuuncing her adoption as a nymph by Cybele, and prophesying liis coming good fortune in Italy. CREUSE, krez (Fr., hollow). A central de- pavtuient of France watered by the river from vhich it derives its name (Map: France. H 5). Area. 2150 .square miles. Population, in 1896, 258,n00; in 1901, 277,831. Low mountains and chains of hills, intersected by winding valleys, deep and narrow, occupy the greater part of the land. The streams, with the exception of the Creuse, are insignificant. The climate is moist and variable, and the soil poor. The products are rye, buckwheat, oats, and potatoes; but the rearing of cattle forms the chief branch of rural industry. Large quantities of chestnuts and fruit are grown. Coal is mined at Ahun and Bourganeuf, ■i^hile iron, lead, tin, and antimony are found at various points. The people of Creuse use a coarse patois; they are generally industrious, and annually migrate in large num- bers to find work in various parts of France. Capital, Gucret. CREUSE. A river of Prance, rising in the mountains on the southern border of the Depart- ment of Creuse, flowing in a generally north- northwest direction through that department, then in a northerly and westerly direction through Indre, then on the borders of the depart- ments of Vienne and Indre-et-Loire, and falling into the Vienne. a tributary of the Loire, about 12 miles north of Chatellerault, after a course of 150 miles. CREUSOT, kre'zO', Le. A town in the De- partment of SaOne-et-Loire. France, 12 miles southeast of Autun (Map: France, L 5). It is situated in the midst of a district rich in coal and iron, and is noted as the seat of Schneider's inunense works, comprising coal - mines, iron- foundries, and extensive factories for the jiro- duetion of heavy cannon and other ordnance, locomotives, stationary engines, etc. These ■works employ 10,000 persons. Le Creusot also has glass manufactures. A statue of Eug&ne Schneider (1805-75), by Chapu, is a feature in tile town. From a small hamlet, known as Charbonnif're, Crevisot rose to its present im- portance after the establishment of iron-works in 1770, and their development from 1837 by Messrs. Schneider. The population, which in 1841 was 4000, reached 32.034 in 1896; but by 1901 it had decreased to 30,584. CREUTZ, kroits, Gustaf Philip, Count (1731-85). A Swedish politician and poet, bom in Finland. In 1763 he was sent as Minister to Madrid, and in 1766 as ^Minister to Paris, where in 1783 he concluded with Benjamin Franklin a commercial treaty between Sweden and the L^nit- cd States. He was subsequently chancellor of the University of Upsala. He is ciiiefly known for the idyl Atis och Camella (Atys and Camilla, 1761), which, with ten other poems, appeared in a volume edited by Gyllenborg (1795). A new edition of his poems was published in 1862. CRETJZER, kroi'tser, Georg Feiedricu (1771- 1858). A German philologist. He was born at Marburg, and studied there and at Jena. In 1802 he was appointed a professor at Jlarburg, and in 1804 obtained the chair of philologj- and ancient history- at Heidelberg, which he occupied for forty-four years with great credit. In 1848 he retii-cd to private life. He died at Heidel- berg, February 15, 1858. Creuzer's whole life was devoted to the study of antiquity. His first, and probably his greatest work, was Si/mholik uiid Mytliuloyie der alten Volkcr, hesonders der Griecheti (1810-12). This treatise, which asserted the symbolical character of ancient mythologies, excited a lively contro- versy, in which Hermaiui and Voss appeared as the opponents of Creuzer. His next work in im- portance was a complete edition of the works of Plotinus (3 vols., Oxford, 1835). Along with G. H. Jloser, Creuzer edited several works of Cicero — Dc datura Dcorum (1818) ; Dc Leqihus (1824) ; De Re PuUica (1826) ; and De Divina- iione (1828). Between 1837 and 1848 he pub- lished a partial collection of his writings in ten volumes {Deutsche Schriften, Leipzig and Darm- stadt), the last of which contains an autobiog- raphy of Creuzer under the title Aus dcni Lcbcii eincs alien Pi-ofessors. He was also a prolific v.riter of essays on archosological tojjics. In 1854 apeared Friderici Creu::cri Opuscula Selecta, CRijEUZNACH, kroits'nao. See Kkeuznach. CREVAL'LE (from Sp. cahaUa, horse-mack- erel, from caballo, horse, from Lat. cahallus, horse), or Cavai.i.y. A name in Florida and the West Indies for various edible mackerel-like sea- fish of the genus Caranx (family Carangid;p), especially the large horse-crevalle or jack {Car- anx hippos), which is found on both coasts of the warm parts of America, and also in the East Indies. It is olivaceous above; sides and below golden; opercle marked with a large black blotch ; canines of the lower jaw very prominent. It frequently exceeds fifteen poimds in weight, and is conmion in Florida, where it is regarded as a fine food-fish. A closely related species (Caranx cabalhis) of the Pacific Coast of Mexico is called 'cocinero' or 'eoeinero dorado.' See Jurel; Plate of Horse-Mackerels, etc. CREVASSE, kra-vas'. See Glacier. CREVATTX, kra'vf)', Jtjles Nicolas (1847- S2 ) . A French explorer, born at Lorquin, Lor- raine. He made four extensive tours through South America. Oij the first of these (1377) he visited the interior of Guiana and crossed to the Tunuiehinnac mountains, the first Eiiropean to ])erform that feat. In the folloAving year he visited the valle.y of the Rio Oyapok, and after exploring the Amazon region, returned to Paris. On his next tour, undertaken for the purpose of exploring the left affluents of the Orinoco. hetrav- eled from Bogota, along the upper Rio Negro to the Rio Guaviare, which he reached October 20, 1880. In 1882 he journeyed through the valley of the Parantl, explored the Tapajos and several other rivers, and discovered numerous remains of Inca civilization. WTiile endeavoring to ascend the Pilcomayo. in order to visit cei'tain Indian tribes, be was attacked by the Tobas and killed with nineteen of his companions; two Bolivians