Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/66

* CLOSET. CLOSET, klo-zf-t/ (OF. closet, ilini. .if clus, close). In licralilry (q-v.), the h.ilf of the bar. . CLOS'TER-SEVEN (Klostkr-Zeve.v). See William Arciisn s, Duke of f'unilieilaml. CLO'SURE, or CLOTURE, kloti.ir' (OF. (:}onurc, Fr. cloture, from Lat. clausula, a clos- ing, from ckitiderc, to close ) . A rule of pro- cedure adopted in the English Parliament, for the purpose of terminating iirolonged discussion, and bringing matters under debate to an issue. It had its origin in 18S2, when the policy of obstruction adupted by the Irish members made legislation impossible. It was decided then that, at the re(|uest of 40 members, the .Speaker might declare debate closed, and call for a vote on the question under discussion. As modified in 1887 the rule now stands that the Speaker may cut off discussion at the request of 200 members, or at the request of 100 only, if less than 40 members vote in the negative. In France the cloture has also been frequently used, since the coup d'etat of 18.51. In the United States House of Representatives, and in the State Legislatures, the .same object is attained by moving the 'previous question.' CLOT, khj, Antoixe Bartiiiclemy, or Clot Bey ( 17;t3-1808). A French physician, born at Grenoble. He studied at ilontpellier, and for several years practiced medicine and surgery at Marseilles. After 1822 he lived mostly in Egj'pt. where by order of Mehemet Ali he estab- lished hospitals and medical and pharmaceutical colleges .and organized the medical service of the Army and Xavy. In 1832 he was given the rank of an Eg;-ptian bey, and in 1830 that of a gen- eral. After the death of Jlehemet Ali, t'lot left Egypt and resumed the practice of medicine at -Marseilles. In 18.54 he returned to Egypt, and became physician - in - ordinaiy to the Viceroj', Saul Pasha. Clot's gieat activity as an organ- iser did not prevent him from carrying out im- portant seientilie observations and gathering large scientific collections. His published works include: Kclation des epidemies de cholH'a-mor- hus qui oiit rrgnd u VHeggias, a Suez el euEgypte (1832) ; Dc la peste obseri'>(e en Egypte (1840) ; Coup d'oe.il sur la peste et les quarantaines (1851) ; Mi-lUmet-Ali, Vice-roi d'Egypte (1862) ; De I'nphthalmie, du trichiasis, de I'enlropion et de la ctilaracte oisemes en Egypte (1864) ; and Un dernier mot sur la non-contagion de la peste (1866). CLOTAIRE, kbVtrir'. I. and II. See Mebo- VINtilANS. CLOTBTJR. See Cocklebuk. CLO'TEN. The stepson of Cymbeline, in Shakespeare's Cyinhrlinc — a malicious character. CLOTH. See Woolen and Worsted ]Manu- FACTl'KES: WeAXG. CLOTHES - MOTH. Any of several small moths of the genus Tinea, the larvse of which feed on woolen fabrics and furs. In the United States the depredations wrought by clothes- moths, or 'moth,' are caused by at least three difi'erent species, which dill'er both in structure and habits. One (Tinea pcllionella) is a small brown moth, with darker brown spots on the fore wings, whose larvse live within a ease com- posed of bits of the food-material bound together with silk. As the larv-Te increase in size, the 50 CLOTILDA. silk cases are lengthened, and when the case becomes too narrow it is split open and a new part is inserted, as may be demonstrated by clianging the caterpillar from time to time to differently colored materials. The larva of i'liother, the carpet-moth (Tinea tapetzella), lives within a winding gallery made up of bits, of carpet or other cloth held together with silk. Its fore wings are blackish and yellowish white; the hind wings and head are dark gray. The straw-eiihired species (Tinea hisrtliclla) has a naked larva that spins a little silk over its food- material, but makes neither a eai5e nor a eal- CLOTHEP-MOTH. a, The moth ; b, feeding? larva; c, pupa in case. Icry. When ready to ])upate a cocoon is spun, which, like the larval cases of the foregoing, is comjiosed of fragments of cloth bound together by silk. In the spring or early summer woolen clothes and furs should be thoroughly brushed and subjected to direct sunliglit. They should then be carefullj' packed away in clotli bags or tight boxes, together with naphtha - balls or tobacco-leaves. Tarred paper and plenty of newsijapers are useful for wrapping up rugs. Bits of eamphor-wood or cedar are also helpful in keeping out moths. A few drops of carbon bisulphide allowed to evaporate in a tight com- jartraent containing infested goods will kill moths and eggs: but as it is very inflammable and the fumes are injurious to man. it should be used with caution. Benzine and gasoline are also useful but rather dangerous moth-killers, and printer's ink is poisonous. The best pre- ventive for rugs, etc., is constant use and 'kick- ing about;' for small garments and furs, in- closure in tight cloth bags. Consult Marlatt, Household Insecls of the United States (Depart- ment of Agriculture, Washington, 1896). CLO'THO (Lat.. from Gk. Kweib,KIOthd, the Spinster, from Kih$eiv, kldlhciti, to spin). One (if the three Fates. See P.RC.E. CLOTIL'DA, S.A.INT (c.475-,54.5). A daughter of Chilperic, King of Burgundy, and wife of Clovis, King of the Franks. Her father and mother were murdered by her uncle, Gundebald, who spared the child and educated her. She was married to Clovis (q.A'. ), who through her in- fluence was converted to Athanasian Christianity in 496. He avenged the murder of her family by reducing Gundebald to subjection. After the death of C^lovis Clotilda jjersiiaded her sons to renew the quarrel, and a war followed that ended in llie union of Burgundy with the Prank- ish kingdr*!. Clotilda retired to Tours, and practiced the austerities of a. devotee until her de.ath. She was buried in the Basilica of Saint Peter, which she had built in Paris, and was can- ionized by Pope Pelagius, There is a statue