Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/597

* COURTS. 513 COUSIN. are regiments and courts of discipline for hard cliaracters. In the Austrian Army there are fourts of first instance, and courts of appeal from the former. Military lawyers are also at- tached to each regiment to help in the adminis- tration of military justice. Bibliography. A Manual for Courts-Martial was prepared by direction of the Secretary of War for the use of the Army of the United States in 1901. For the English practice, Sim- mons, Courls-Martiat (London, 1873), may be consulted. See Mii.itahv Law. COTJRTSHIP OF MILES STANDISH, The. a hexametric poem by Longfellow (1S58), founded on the life of the "Captain of the Pil- grims." COURT TENNIS. Tndoor tennis (see dia- gram ). Usually the court occupies an entire building, and is lighted from the roof, occupying [i playing space of 96 by .32 feet, surrounded on three sides bv a corridor about 6 feet wide (the COURT TENNIS. penthou.se), which has a sloping roof about 7 feet high. The spectators occupy the dedans, or the part of the penthouse situated in the rear of the court, and separated from the same by an open grating. The most complete courts have lloors of asphalt, and cement walls painted black to a height of 18 feet. The nets divide the court, and also the service and hazard sides of the game. The tambour is a projection on the hazard side, resembling a chimney, and near it ( in the penthouse) is the grille. The chases are num- bered on the wall (from 1 to (i) and are em- ployed to divide part of the court into the num- ber of spaces required by the game. In jibiying the game the server must stand in the service court and serve the ball over the penthouse, it being required to strike on the penthouse roof and then roll oft' into the receiving court. The player on the hazard side strikes it on the bound wherever he chooses, if only it first strikes the ground on the opposite side of the net ; for in- stance, he may strike it against the nearest wall, so that it rebounds across the net. A. 'chase' is called when the player fails to strike the ball before the second bound — unless he is on the hazard side and bej'ond the service-line. Fur- ther, a record is made of the cross-lines at which the ball bounds; which, however, does not affect the score unless the game stands at 40, in which event sides are changed and the contestants play for the 'chase.' The player responsible for the 'eha.se,' by permitting the same to be made, will atteni|it to return the ball nearer to the end wall than the point at which it was marked, to insure its bounding a second time, making the attempt as often as his opponent returns the ball until he either succeeds or misses. In the former event he is credited with the 'strike;' while in the latter, his opponent scores. For more de- tailed information regarding the game, its scor- ing and its history, see Tenxis. COURT THEATRE, The. A playhouse for comedies and farces, situated in Sloane Square, London. Originally a chapel built in 1818, it was turned into a theatre. COUSA, .ToH^T. See Alexander John I. COUSIN, koo'zaN', Jean (1.501-89). A French painter. He was born at Soucy, near Sens, and little definite is known of his life. He was at fi.rst a glass-painter and afterwards a goldsmith in Paris. His work on glass is celebrated. His windows in the Sainte Chapelle at Vincennes are probably the finest in France, and he also made some for the Church of Saint Gervais, Paris, which, however, have been destro.yed. At this ■ period Cousin turned his attention to painting and became known as the 'founder of the French School.' He executed a fine "Last Judgment," which is full of action and spirit, in the manner of Parmigiano. It is now in the Louvre. He was also a miniaturist, sculptor, and a wood- engraver, and the author of two books, Livre de perspective (1.560) and Livre de portraiture (1371). Consult Firmin-Didot, Etude sur Jean Cousin (Paris, 1872). COUSIN, Victor (1792-18C7). A French philosopher and historian. He was born in Paris, and studied with such brilliant success at the Kcole Normale that in 181-1 he was appointed assistant to Eoyer-Collard in the chair of phi- losophy at the Sorbonne. He threw himself heartily into the reaction against the sensualis- tic philosophy and literature of the eighteenth century, which was then in possession of the field. In 1817 he visited Germany, where he was introduced to bolder and more speculative sys-