Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/55

* CLINTON. 39 CLIPPER. ing officer of the Senate, during his term as Vice- President, defeated by his deciding vote the rechartcring of the United States Bank (1811). CLINTON, Sir Henry (c.17.3S05). A British general in the American Revolution. He was the son of Admiral George Clinton (Governor of Newfoundland from 1732 to 1741, and of New York from 1741 to 1751), and the grandson of Francis, sixth Earl of Lincoln. He was a mem- ber of Parliament for Borouglil>ridge and Newark from 1772 to 1784, during which time he was also in the army in America. He served as major-general at' the battle of Bunker Hill, and took possession of New York after the de- feat of Washington's forces in the battle of Long Island (August 27, 1770). For his part in that battle he was promoted lieutenant-general and knighted. In 1778 he succeeded Sir William Howe as commander-in-chief, and, on his marcli from Philadelphia to New York, fouglit with Washington the unsuccessful battle of jNIonmouth (q.v. ). In December, 1779, he led an cxjicdilion to South Carolina, and on ilay 12, 1780, cap- tured Charleston, with General Lincoln's army of 6000 men. Replaced in command by Sir Guy Carleton in 1782, Clinton returned to England. Soon afterwards he published his Narraiire of the Campaign of ITSl in North America (1783), in answer to an account which Cornwallis had published of that campaign. He was again in Parliament (1790), and from 1793 until his death was Governor of Gibraltar. CLINTON, Henry Fynes (I78I-1852). An English classical scholar, born at Gamston, in Nottinghamshire. He graduated at Oxford in 1805, and was a member of Parliament from 1806 to I82G. His two great works are the Fasti Hellenici (1824-34), and Fasti Romani (1845- 50), the civil and literary chronologies of Greece, Rome, and Constantinople, which set classical chronologj' upon a solid and scientific basis. Con- sult The'literarif h'emaiiis of Henry Fynes Clin- ton, by his brother (London, 1854). CLINTON, James (I736-18I2). An Ameri- can soldier, born in Ulster County, N. Y. He was a brother of George Clinton (1739-1812), and the father of De Witt Clinton. He early entered the English Army: served as a captain in the French and Indian War, and distinguished himself at the capture of Fort Frontenac. On the outbreak of the Revolution, he took the side of the Colonies and was made a colonel. He accompanied Montgomery to Quebec as brigadier- general, and in 1777 was in command of Fort Clinton when it was captured by the British, after a brilliant defense, in which he received a bayonet wound. He was engaged against the Indians in General Sullivan's Iroquois expedi- tion (1779). and was present at the siege of Yorktown. He was delegate to the New Y'ork Convention which ratified the Federal Consti- tution, and was afterwards a commissioner to ad- just the boundary line between Pennsylvania and New York. CLINTON STAGE, A name given to a sub- division of the Silurian system. The Clinton stage takes its name from the type locality at Clinton. N. Y. ; but the strata are widely dis- tributed in the eastern part of the United States, occurring along the Appalachians from New York to Alabama, and also in Ohio, Indiana, and Wisconsin. The prevailing rocks are sand- A pen-name of Addison, suggested •ers 'C 'L,' 'I,' '0.' with which, re- stone.s, limestones, and shales, which attain a maxinuun tbickness in the aggregate of about 1000 feet. A noteworthy feature of the Clinton stage is a persistent bed of oiilitic iron ore that is the basis of an active mining industry in New- York and Alabama. See article Sii.i'bi.vx System. CLINTON STATE PRISON. A prison located in Uannemora, Clinton I'ounty, N. Y. It was begun in 1844, and comprises a number of buildings inclosed in a stockade which surrounds thirty-seven acres of land. This location was chosen for the purpose of employing convicts in the mining and manufacture of iron, there being abundance^ of that ore on the tract belonging to the prison or to the State. It is also in a densely wooded region, and the timber furnishes the cliarcoal used in the furnaces. CLI'O (Lat., from Gk. KXeiii, Kleio, from uXeiV, klein, to celebrate, from kWos, Ideas, glory). In Grecian mythology, one of the Nine Muses (q.v.). Whfn the individual muses were assigned specific functions, Clio w-as at first called muse of epic poetry, but later, and more commonly, muse of history. In ancient art her common attribute is a partly opened roll. CLIO. A prominent genus of pteropod niol- lusks. See Pteropod.. CLIO. by the letter; spectively, he signed his ar- ticles in the Spectator, accord- ing as he wrote at Chelsea, London, Islington, or 'The Of- fice.' CLIP HOOKS. Two hooks, with points lying in opposite directions, made in such a man- ner that they overlap and fit closely so as to form a single eye when the necks are lashed together; the eyes of the sepa- rate hooks are in the same thimble or on the same pivot, and also fit closely to each other when the necks are brought together. CLIPPER ( probably con- nected with Dutch klepper, fast horse, from kfeppen, to run swiftly, and thus with Eng. clap ). A sailing vessel built with very sharp lines, more or less raking masts, and great spread of canvas, with a view to speed : a development of a model for the mercantile marine, first built in this cotintry at Baltimore, and called the Baltimore Clipper. The clippers, becoming famous for quick runs, and oc- casionally making better time than the steamers, were especially employed in the South American trade, in the China trade (for tea and opium), and in the early California trade, via Cape Horn. For many years the 'fruit clippers' were cele- brated for their rapid passages; and the 'opium clippers' and 'slavers' attained an unenviable no- toriety for speed. A 'clipper ship,' as compared with the ordinary sailing ship, is longer, and gen- erally of less beam in proportion to her length ; very sharp at the bows, which are hollowed more or less below the water-line; gracefully fined awav toward the stern, which is almost always CLIP OR SI8TEE HOOK.