Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/53

* CLINIC. 37 CLINTON. term, 'clinical' lectures have for many years been deliverpd, not at the bedside, hut in lecture- rooms, to which patients arc able to eoiue from their homes. The term 'clinic' is often applied also to institutions where free medical treatment is furnislied to patients who are able to walk in and return to their homes, but where there are no beds, as in a hospital. (See Disi'E.nsary.) The term cliiiicul medicine is applied to the brandi of medicine occupied with the investiga- tion of diseases at the bedside. CLINIC BAPTISM. In the ancient Church, baptism administered to a person on a sick-bed or death-bed. As such a baptism was irregular and the usual rites could not be observed, the question was discussed whether it was valid. In the third century Novatiau declared that such ba|)tized persons should not be ordained, and in 314 tiie Synod of Xeo-Cicsarea so ordered, and this proliibilion was renewed by the sixth Synod of Pari.-, in 829. Saint Cyprian insisted strongly on the validity of such baptism. CLINK, The (Ger. Klinke, Dan. klijik, Swed. klinkfi, bolt, latch, from Ger, kliruien, OHG. chliiiiiaii, Dan. h-Iincie, Swed. kliiiga, to clink, to jingle). .u old prison at Bankside, London, in the jurisdiction of tlic Bishop of Winchester, used for crimiiuils of that part of the Manor of Soutlnvark which ^as known as 'The Liberty of Clinly,' and not embraced in the original grant to the city of London (about 1327). The later grant ^^■as made expressly for the purpose of securing jurisdiction over the malefactors of the city of London who fled to Southwark-. The nan.e has come to mean the 'guard-house,' in the modern parlance of 'Tommy Atkins.' CLINKEE, Humphrey. The hero of Smol- lett's novel of the same name. He is brought up in a workhouse, and then enters the service of ^Ir. Brambie, his natural father. CLINKER-BUILT. See Boat. CLINKEKS (from clink, Ger. klingen, to jingle). The scales or globules of black oxide of iron, obtained from red-liot iron under the blows Oi a hammer. The same term is applied to the slag of iron-furnaces, to the calcined products of cement kilns, and. generally, to the .slag-like refuse of furnaces of all kinds. The cinder-like masses which form the crust of some lava- streams are called clinkers by geologists. CLINKSTONE. See Ph'onolite. CLINOM'ETER (from Gk. KXheif, klincin, to incline + nirpop, melron, measure; cf, Fr, clinonicire) . An instrument used b^' geologists for ascertaining the dip or inclination from the horizontal of bedded rocks or veins. It consists of a graduated arc, with a pendulum or plumb- line liung at the centre. When the instrument is placed on a horizontal surface, the pendulum points to 0°, while on an inclined surface the pendulum assumes a position corresponding to the angle of inclination. The clinometer is some- times attached to a compass, w'hicli latter is required for determining the direction of out- crop or strike of rocks. CLI'NOSTAT (from Gk. KXheiv. klincin. to incline -|- o-raTos, statos, placed, from Iffrdvat, liistaiiai. to stand). An apparatus for rotating plants, periodically or constantly, in any desired plane, for the purpose of eliminating or equaliz- ing the effect of anv directive stimulus, such as light or gravity. (See Irritability.) It consists essentially of a strong clockwork, driven by a spring or weiglit, willi vanes or other device for controlling the speed of the meclianism, wliicti may usually be adjusted to make one rotation in 10 to 30 minutes. Suitable tallies and clamps for holding the vessel containing the plants are provided. The intermittent clinostat is so ar- ranged that at given intervals the mechanism is released, and permitted to impart a quarter or a half rotation to the plant. CLINT, Alfred (1807-83). An English artist. He was born in London, and was the son of the well-known painter and engraver, George Clint. His work consists of portraits, and particularly studies of the scenery in Guernsey and .lersey, which have furnished the subjects for many charming landscapes. In 1869 he was made presi- dent of the Society of British Artists. CLIN'TON. A town in Huron County, On- tario, Canada, 13 miles from Goderich, on a branch of the Grand Trunk Railroad (Map: Ontario, B 4). In and near the town are valu- able salt-wells and a deposit of rock salt 20 feet thick. Clinton is the headquarters of the Can- ada Salt Association, has several factories, and a large trade in grain and produce. The town contains a collegiate institute and a model school, and is electrically lighted. The United States has a consular agent here. Population, in 1891, 2635; in 1901, 2547. CLINTON. A city and the county-seat of Dewitt County. III., 22 miles south of Blooming- ton, on the Illinois Central Railroad (Map: Illi- nois, D 3 ). It is the centre of a fertile agricul- tural region. Clinton is governed, under a State law, by a mayor, elected for two years, and a city council. The city owns and operates its water- works. Population, in 1890, 2598; in 1900, 4452. CLINTON. A city and the county-seat of Clinton County, Iowa, 138 miles west of Chicago, 111.; on the Mississi[ipi River, and on the Chi- cago and Northwestern ; the Chicago. Jlilwaukee and Saint Paul ; the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, and other railroads (Map: Iowa, G 3). The Mississippi is crossed at Clinton by three bridges, one of which is three-fourths of a mile long. The city contains two academies, business colleges, and Wartburg College (Lutheran), founded in 1860. Its manufactures are extensive, including lumber in various products, machinery, boilers, carriages, flour, mattresses, spring beds, brooms, etc. Lumber and grain are largely ex- ported. The city of Lyons, which in 1390 had 5799 inhabitants, was annexed to Clinton in 1895. Population, in 1890, 13,619; in 1900, 22,698. CLINTON. A town in Worcester County, Mass., 12 miles northeast of Worcester; on the Nashua River, and on the Boston and Maine and New York, New Haven and Hartford railroads (Map: Massachusetts, D 3). It has manufac- tures of ginghams and plaids, machinery, wire- worlv, worsteds, Brussels and Wilton carpets, etc. The town owns and operates its water-works, and has a public library of 25,000 volumes, and a park. Clinton was a part of Lancaster until 1850. when it was incorporated as a separate town. Its government is administered by town- meetings, which are convened quite frequently. The board of selectmen, who are elected for three