Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/529

* COSEL. 455 COSMAS. CO'SEL or KosEL. The capital of a district of Nik>ia. Prussia, on the river Otter, at the con- fluence of the Klodnitz, 25 miles southeast of Oppeln. It is a garrison town, has a castle, and was formerly surrounded by walls, the site of which has been converted into Iwulevards. A fine pyramidal monument commemorates the un- successful siege by the French in 1807. The town has considerable trade and numerous domestic industries. It was the capital of a duchy in the fourteenth centurj'. Population, in I'JOO, 7087. COSELEY, kOz'li. A manufacturing town in Statl'ord^hire. England, a suburb of Wolverhamp- ton, with which its industries and public works are identified. Population, in lSi)l, 21,000; in I'JOl. 22.200. COSENZ, ko'siinz, Enkico (1820-98). An Italian soldier, born at Gaeta. He entered the military service of Naples in 1840, participated in the campaign in Upper Italy (1848), and afterwards was prominent in the defense of Venice against the Austrians. In 1859 he became a col- onel in the ■Hunters of tlic Alps,' Garibaldi's corps, and in 1800 took part in the expedition to Sicily. Upon Garibaldi's assumption of the Dic- tatorship of Naples, be was appointed Minister of War. He commanded a division in the attack on Rome in 1870, and from 1881 until his retire- ment in 1893 was chief of the General Staff of the Italian Army. He also held civil office as a Dejiuty from 1800. and Senator from 1872. COSENZA, ko-san'za (Lat. Cosentia). The capital of the Province of Cosenza (Calabria Citeriore), in South Italv. situated 120 miles southwest of Taranto (Map: Italy, L 8). It is commanded by a castle, whose walls, nine feet thick, were shattered in the earthquakes of 178.3, 1854, and 1870. The older and lower part of the town is very malarious in sum- mer. The cathedral, now being restored accord- ing to the discovered ancient plans, contains the tomb of Louis III. of Anjou, who died here in 1435. In the attractive public gardens, near the prefecture and the new theatre, are a figure of Liberty by Giuseppe Pacehioni, erected in 1879 to the brothers Bandiera and others who took part in the C'alabrian rebellion of 1844, and busts of Garibaldi, Cavour, and Mazzini. There are a seminary, a royal college, a technical school, two academies of science and fine arts, and a cliamber of commerce. Cosenza markets silk, oil, wine, manna, hemp, grain, and hone.y, and manufactures faience and hardware. Alaric. King of the Visigoths, died here in 410 while on his way to Sicil.v after the spoliation of Rome. Tradition has it that heand Ids treasures were bur- ied just lielow the town in the Busento (ancient Buxentius) where the Crati joins it — a. spot now marked l)V the Ponte Alerico. Po]nilation (coni- nnine) in 1881. 16,253; in 1901. 21.545. COSETTE, ko'zet'. The adopted daughter of Jean Valjean in Hugo's Les Misernhles. She is the child of Fantine. and gives her name to the second part of the novel. COSHOCTON, ko-shok'ton. A city and the county-seat of Coshocton County. Ohio. flO miles east by north of Columbus, on the Muskingum River, and on the Pittsburg. Cincinnati. Chicago and Saint Louis, and the Wheeling and Lake Erie railroads (Map: Ohio, G 5). It contains a public library. The city has several novelty- advertising establishments, machine-shops, wood- en novelty works, glass-factory, and other in- dustrial plants. Coshocton was settled in 1811 and incorporated in 1833. The government is administered under a charter of 1901, which provides for a mayor, biennially elected, and a city council. The waterworks are owned and operated by the municipality. Population, in 1890, 3672; in 1900, 6473. COSIMO, ku-ze'mo, Pikko di. See Piero di CO.SIMO. COSIMO DE' MEDICI, da ma'de-che. See Medici. COSIN, kiiz'n, John (1594-1672). An Eng- lish prelate. He was born at Norwich and waa educated at Cambridge. After holding rectorates at Elwick, Brancepeth. and elsewhere, he as- sumed charge of Saint Peter's College, Cam- bridge, in 1635. Three j'ears afterwards he was made vice-chancellor of the university, and in 1640 was appointed Dean of Peterborough. He was chaplain to Charles I. and subsequently joined the roj'al family in Paris,' where for nearly twenty years he conducted religious ser- vices in the household of Queen Henrietta. In 1660 he was appointed Bishop of Durham. Al- though by no means inclined toward Puritanism, he was an inveterate antagonist of Romanism, and during his long residence in France was regarded as the champion of the Protestant cause in that country. Many of the finest prayers in the English Church were written by him, while his other numerous writings are imbued with the force and brilliancy of his interesting per- sonality. He was celebrated for the remarkable frankness with which he defended his views, even under the most unfavorable conditions, and by his splendid administrative ability in the Church. His works include: Collection of Pri- vate Demotions, prepared at the request of King Charles I. and first published in 1627; Scholasti- cal His^toiij of the Canon of Holy Scripture (1657); History of Popish Transubstantiation (1675); and Note on the TForfc of Common Prayers (1710). CO'SINE. See Trigonometry. COS'MAS (Lat., from Gk. lioayni;., Kosmas) , surnamed Indicopleustes (i.e. Indian naviga- tor). A merchant of Alexandria, in which city he was probably born. who. after having traveled much in Ea.stern Asia, including India and Cey- lon, returned to Egypt and ended his days in monastic retirement about the middle of the sixth century. While a monk he wrote a Chris- tian Topof/raphy in 12 volumes, in the Greek lan- guage, containing much information about many countries, and particularly about India. An at- tempt to reconcile everything to his notions of the meaning of the Bible led him into many errors : but though deficient, and even absurd scientifically, as a record of travel and geo- graphical information, the eleventh liook. which gives a description of the animals of India and of the Island of Ceylon, takes high rank. His other works have perished. The work (which, among other things, gives the first account of the Moniimentum Adulitanum — see Ant'LE) was ed- ited by Montfaucon in the Vara CoUertio Patrum firweorum. vol. ii. (Paris, 1707), reprinted by Migiie. Patrol. Crwca, Ixxxviii.. and translated by Charton in his Voyageurs (Paris, 1854).