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* CORPUS DELICTI. 441 COEREGGIO. COR'PUS DELICTI (l.at,, body of the of- fense). In eriminal law, the essential element of the alle^jed iriiiie. If a jierson is eharired with murder, tlie proseeution nnist prove the death, as by the finding and identifieation of tlie eor])se, or by evidence of criminal violence adequate to produce death and to account for the disappear- ance of the body. In other words, the corjiits delicti in such a case consists in the death of the person alleged to have been murdered, and the criminal agency of the alleged murderer in pro- ducing that deatli. The same doctrine is ap- plicable to other oti'enses. If one is charged with larceny, the prosecution must prove that the crime of larceny has been actiuilly committed. See Crijiinal Law, and consult the authorities there referred to. CORPtrS DOCTRI'NiE (Lat., body of doe- trine). A collection of writings intended to have authority in the Protestant churches of Germany. The chief of such collections was the Corpus Plulippiciun (Leipzig, 15G0), containing the Apostolic, the Nicean, and the Athanasian Creeds, the Augsburg Confession, and Jlelaneh- thon's Loci" Coinmiiiies. This and similar col- lections were superseded by the Formula Con- cordia'. See Concord.. Book of. CORPUS INSCRIPTIO'NUM LAT'INA'- RUM (Lat., body of Latin inscriptions). A great collection of Latin inscriptions, geograph- ically arranged in fifteen volumes, published by the Royal Academy in Berlin. The first volume appeared in 1803. This work is the most im- portant authority in the study of epigraphy, COR'PUS JU'RIS (Lat., body of law). A comprehensive collection of the entire body of law of a given jurisdiction. The phrase has been specitieally applied to two great compila- tions of law. both based on the jurisprudence of the Roman Empire, viz.: (1) The Corjius Juris Cii^iUs. or body of the civil law known, by way of eminence, as the Cor- pus .Juris, is made up of the Code, the Pandects, or Digest, and the Institutes, compiled and pro- mulgated by the authority of .Justinian (..i). .528- 534), and the Novels {yorellw Coiistitutioncs) , subsequently promulgated by him to correct errors and defects in the previous work. The first instance of the use of the expression Corpus Juris Civilis to describe the collection is found in the year 1583, As a whole the work became the text- book of mediaeval law, was the basis of instruc- tion in the great law schools of Bologna and else- where, and is the foundation of the scientific study of law in all the universities of Continental Europe to-day. It has been truthfully said that "with the exception of the Bible, no book was ever more widely studied by the Caucasian races." The best edition is that of Mommsen (who edited the Digest). Kriiger (Institutes and Code), and Schael (the Novels). It has been translated into German, but never as a whole into English, though the Institutes and some portions of the Digest have been made available for English readers. See Civil L.w: ConE; Digest: and consult Lee. Historical Jurisprudence (New York. 1900) ; and Hadley, Roman Law. (2) Corpus Juris Cauoiiici. — The corresponding bod}' of the canon law of the Church of Rome had a slower growth. The first corhpilation to which the name was applied was the Decretiim of Gratian, a learned professor of the canon law at the University of Bologna, |)nblisli<'d about A.n. 1150. This was a private, unoniciai collec- tion of synodieal canons :uul Papal decretals, made for use as a text-l)ook in (he law school, but it at once became a leading authority in the Church. Subsequent oflicial collections — prin- cipally the Lihri Extra Decretuiii of Pope Greg- ory IX., the lAbcr Hcxtus of Boniface VIII., and the compilation of Clement V., known as the "Clementine Decretals" — were embodied in the Corpus and became parts of it. Thus com- ])leted, the entire work has continued to be the standard of the canon law. The best editions are those of Bijhmer (1747) and Riehter (Leip- zig, 1S33, 1877-81). See Civil Law; Canon Law; and consult Lee, Historical Jurisprudence (New York, 1000). CORRAL, kor-ral', PoixciAXO (c.I810-55) A Central American general, born in Costa Rica. He settled in Nicaragua early in his youth and became Minister of State in 1853, Subsequently he became identified with the legitimist Govern- ment and commanded the army which defeated William Walker (q.v.) at Managua (1855). Shortly after the battle of La 'S'irgen (September 3, 185,5) and the occupation of Granada, he made terms with Walker, who, however, afterwards accused him of treasonable negotiations with leaders of the Legitimist Party. After a brief court-martial Corral was shot. November 8, 1855. CORREA DA SERRA, kOr-ra'a dii ser'rii, Josfi Francisco (1750-1823). A Portuguese politician, scholar, and botanist, who was edu- cated and took orders in Rome. With the as- sistance of the Duke of Alafo6s he founded the .eademy of Science in Lisbon and was made its perpetual secretary. He soon came into conflict with the Church, through the Inquisition, lied to France, and afterwards went to England, where he became secretary to the Portuguese legation. In 1813 he came to" New York, and in 1816-20 he was Portuguese Minister at Washington. He had high rank as a botanist, but his principal work is Collcc(ao de lirros ineditos da historia portuguc.~a. CORRECTIOIT. See Criminology; Penol- ogy ; Charities and Correction, The National Conference of. CORRECTION OF THE PRESS. See Proof-Eeading. CORREGGIO, kdr-red'jd. A city in the Province of Reggio nell' Emilia, North Italy, sit- uated 27 miles'east of Parma (Map: Italy E 3). In the Piazza is a statue of the painter Correggio (q.v,), who was born here. The town was once the capital of a principality belonging to the Duchy of ^Modena, and the princely castle still remains. Population (commune), in 1881, 12,- 587: in 1001. 14,437. CORREGGIO, Antonio Allegri da (c.l404- 1534). An Italian painter, so called from his birthplace, a small town near Jlodena. We are less informed aliout his life than about that of any other of the chief Italian painters. Accord- ing to the traditional accounts,, as given by Vas- ari and the local historians, Correggio was hum- ble and ])oor, and passed his life in drudgery. He made an unhappy second marriage, and died un- der distressing circumstances. But in contempo- rary documents it appears that his parents were tradespeople in comfortable circumstances, that