Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/502

* CORN LAWS. 430 CORNSTALK DISEASE. years imports arc measured in liundrodweights. The increase in grain imports is shown in the followiu" table: YEAB Wheat and wheat flour in cwts. Value of all breadstuffs I860 31,841,926 39,906.115 68,459,814 82,381,591 98,597,450 S. 31,676,353 42 502 252 1870 1880 62 857 269 1890 53,484,584 58,942,390 1900 In the meantime the aggregate value of all Brilisli imports and exports has risen from £37,000,000 in ISiiO to £098,000,000 in 1880, and £877,000,000 in 1000. The growing dependence of Great Britain upon foreign sources of supply for breadstuft's is rellected in the decline of the area sown in wheat, which in 1870 was reported as 3.773,663 acres, and a-s 1,845,042 acres in 1900. Russia and other European countries contribute to the British imports, as does also India, but the principal sources whence imports are drawn are shown in the following statement : IMPORTS OF WHEAT. BRAIK, AXD FLOTJH IN 1900 Cwts. United States 57.418,064 Argentina 18,769,000 British North America 7,997,626 Australasia 4,0,'i7,811 All other countries 10,354,949 Total 98,597,450 BrBLioGRAPiiT. The te.xt of the Com Laws is to be found in British titatiites, revised edition (If) vols.. London, 1882-1900), and the speeches on both sides of the question in Hansard, Parlia- mentary Debates (181.5-46). A comprehensive and accurate presentation of the whole subject and its bearing on trade is given in M'Culloch, Dictionary of Commerce and Commercial ^Navi- gation (London. 1870) ; Acland and Ransome, Political History of England (London. 1894), summarizes the Corn Laws i)revious to 1815, and the progress of legislation from that time until 1840, when the Corn Laws were repealed. Other sources of information are: "The First and Second Reports from the Select Committee on the Ep worth (Corn Law) Petitions," Great Britain Pari. Papers, .S'ess. iS.}3, vol. xi. ; Wilson, Influences of the Corn Laws (London, 1840) ; Thornton, Historical Summary of the Corn Laws (London, 1841) : Piatt. History of the British Corn Lairs (London. 1845) : Bastiat. (Eurres completes, vols. i.. iii. (Paris, 1855) ; Movley, Life of Richard Cobden (London. 1881): JlcCarthv, The Epoch of Reform. 1S30-.50 (London. 1882)"; and for a full bibliography, J'eir York. Public Library Bulletin, vol. vi.. No. 5 (New York, 1902). CORNO, kor'no. ^Ionte (Mount Horn). The higliest peak of the Apennines (q.V.). CORN-OIL, CORN-PITH. See IIaize. CORN'PLANTER (1732-1836). A celebrated half-breed chief of the Seneca Indians, the sou of a trader named -John O'Bail. During the French and Indian War he led a war-party of the Senecas which had joined the French against the English, and took part in the defeat of Braddoek in 1755. During the Revolutionary War he joined the English, took an active part in the border conflicts in New York, and seems to have been present at the massacre of Wyoming. After- wards, however, he became a steadfast friend of the whites, and, with Red Jacket, directed the all'airs of his tribe for many years. His Indian Uiime was Garyan-Wah-Uah. CORN-SALAD, or Lamb's-Lettuce (Vule- riinielhi). A genus of plants belonging to the natural order Valerianacea-. The species are aimual plants of humble growth, with repeatedly forked stems, and very small flowers, native of Europe. Some of them are frequently used as spring salads, and sometimes as a substitute for spinach, particularly the common corn-salad {Valeria)iella olitoria). For early spring plants the seed is sown in September and cultivated, mulched, and wintered like spinach. Corn- salad lacks pungency as a salad plant, but comes early in the spring when other salad plants are scarce. For illustration, see Salad Plants. CORN-SHELLER. See Maize. CORN-SMUT. See Smut. CORN-SNAKE (so called from its color, which resembles that of red Indian corn). CORN-SNAKE (Coluber guttatus). (Plates of the top and side of the head). Either of two harmless snakes in the sou1;hem United States: (I) Coluber gut tat us, found in Virginia and southward, two and one-half feet long, reddish-brown with black bordered brick- red blotches ; (2) the milksnake (q.v.). CORN'STALK (e.1720-77). A celebrated Shawnee Indian chief. He commanded the In- dians in the stubborn battle of Point Pleasant (q.v.) on October 10, 1774, during Lord Dim- more's War, and won the praise even of the whites by his great bravery and address. After the battle he made a treaty of peace with the Virginians, in spite of the opposition of a part of his tribe, and kept it loyally until 1777, when, the Shawuees being incited to renew hostilities, he appeared at Point Pleasant in person and notified the settlers that he might find himself forced 'to run with the stream.' The settlers decided to detain him and his son as hostages, and soon afterwards, while still in confinement, the two were treacherously nuirdered by some whites infuriated by continued Shawnee out- rages. CORNSTALK DISEASE. A disease that afTeets cattle, and occasionally horses and sheep. The cause of the disease is still undetermined. By some investigators it has been considered as due to corn-smut or to the organisms of the Burrill disease of corn. Others have believed that a poisonous principle is sometimes present in cornstalks which causes the death of animals. The name toxemia maidis for the disease was based on this theory. In some localities the disease has been supposed to be due to the com- bined action of indigestion and some poisonotis substance absorbed by the corn, for example, saltpeter. In a case of cattle - poisoning in