Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/500

* COBNIFICItrS. 428 CORNISH LANGUAGE. Catullus, and Ovid. Some scholars now attribute to liim the authorship of the rhetorical treatise, lihctorica ud ncreiuiiiim, commonly ascribed to Cicero. Consult the editions by Kayser (Leipzig, 1854), Friedrich (part i., vol. i.. of the Teubner Cicero, Leipzig, 1884), and Marx, who refuses to recognize the authorship of Cornificius, and has published the text imder the title, I iicertiAuctoris de Ratione Diceiidi ad C. Hereunium Libri IV, (Leipzig, 1803) : also Krohnert, Die AnfUnge der Rhetorik hei den Romern (ilemel, 1871). CORN'ING. A city and one of the county scats of Steuben County, X. Y., 18 miles west- northwest of Elniira ; on the Chemung River, and on the Xew York Central, the Erie, and the Lackawanna railroads (Map: Xew York, C 3). It has extensive manufactures of cut and flint glass, terracotta goods, building and paving brick, lumber, sash and blinds, etc. Among the more prominent buildings may be noted the city hall, free academy, and Saint ilary's Orphan Asylum. Coming was incorporated in 1849 as a- village, and in 1890 as a city. Under the re- vised charter of 1809 the ilayor holds office for two years, and the city council is elected by wards. The river, police, and civil-service com- missioners, fire wardens, and the board of health are nominated by the Mayor, with the consent of the council ; other offices are filled bv popular election. Population.in 1890, 85.50 : in 1900. 11,061. COKNING, Er.stus 11794-1872). An Ameri- can capitalist, born in Connecticut. In 1814 he settled in Albany, X. Y., where, as ovner of the large iron-works there, and later as a banker, he accumulated a large fortune. He was for many years one of the great railroad owners and operators of the country, being largely interested in the formation of the Xew York Central Rail- road, of which he was president for twelve years. He was also active in promoting the welfare of popular education, and. taking part in public affairs, served as a Democrat in Congress in 1857-59 and again in 1861-03. CORN-INSECTS. Insects affecting Indian corn are numerous and varied. — Plunl Lice: An aphis {Rhopalosiphnm maidis) is widely dis- ISSECTS IXJTRIOrS" TO INDIAN CORN. (1) Larger corn-stalk borer (Diatrse.T): a. borins larva within the base of the stalk. (2) Smaller borer (Panifelia): ,1. the moth at rest. (3) X flea-beetle (Diabrotioa) and its root-destroying grub. tributed by means of its migratory winged swarms; it lays its eggs on the stems of the com beneath the ground, and the yoting attack the roots; the ants assist this injuiy by carry- ing females heavy with young and colonizing them upon the roots. (See Insect Life, I., III., Washington, 1888-90.)— Beef if s; Certain weevils attack the roots and stems, especially bill-bugs of the genus Sphenophorus, the grubs burrowing in the bulbs of the young plants and eating the roots of the tender leaves near the surface of the ground ; their work is sometimes confounded with that of a cutworm (larva of Hudena stipatu). Fall plowing is useful against both. The lanse of several fiee-beetles (Diabrotica) are often styled corn root-worms. The adult beetles, closely related to the cucumber, melon, and squash beet- les, feed on the pollen and silk of corn and the larva; on the roots, and both do great damage in the Mississippi Valley. Rotation of crops is the most effective remedy. Various other beetles are locally or occasionally harmful, and one is prominent as destructive to grain, the corn silvanus (t<ili;anus fiiirinamensis). From an economic standpoint this is the most important member of the family Cucujidae. It is a flat beetle with the edges of the prothorax saw- toothed. Besides Indian corn, wheat, and other grain, it infests dried fruits and other food- stuffs. ^ other member of the same family, a bright-scarlet beetle, of the genus Cucujus. also infests stored grain. — llolhs: The larvae of moths, 'cutworms' and 'webworms,' do much damage. The worst species, however, is the 'corn-worm,' or 'corn-bud worm,' the caterpillar of a noctuid moth (Heliothis armigera), which destroys the flower-buds. ( See Cotton-Ixsects. ) The large "stalk-borer,' often highly injurious in Southern fields, is the larva of a phalsenid motli {Diatrwa saccharalis), which perforates the stems at their base, where, in the axils of the starting leaves, the parent moth lays its eggs in spring. This insect is better knovn as the .sugar-cane borer of the American tropics. Tidy methods of farming are the best preventive. Other smaller borers are the caterpillars of the moths Pcmpclia lirjnoaelln and Gorti/na nitela. The chinch-bug (q.v. ) is also an enemy of Indian corn. Constilt: Riley, "Insects of ^Missouri," in Viiifed States Department of Aririciilture. Divi- sion of Entomology, Reports 1 and 3 (Washing- ton, 1881) ; Lintner, '-Insects of Xew York," in Agricultural Experiment Station Report 1 (Al- bany, 1882) ; Comstock and Slingerland, "Wire- worms," in Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 33 (Ithaca, 1891). CORNISH LANGUAGE AND LITERA- TURE, The ('orni>h language belongs to the British subdivision of the Celtic family, and stands, on the whole, nearer to the Old Breton than to the Old Welsh. (See Celtic Lan- guages.) It ceased to be a living language in the eighteenth centuiy. Dolly Pentreath (who died in 1775) is traditionally said to have been the last person who spoke it ; but some knowl- edge of it apparently survived her, and a small number of Cornish ords are used to this day in the English dialect of Cornwall. Only a small quantity of Cornish literature has been preserved. For the Old Cornish period nothing exists but a few proper names in old records. For Middle Cornish we are somewhat better off. A vocabulary of the twelfth or thirteenth century has been preserved, and also a few texts dating from the fourteenth century to the seventeenth. The Middle Cornish litera- ture, like the Middle Breton, consists almost entirely of religious poetry and drama.