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* COPYRIGHT. 400 COQUETTE. has greatly narrowed the beneficial operation of the law by a ])rovision that a foreign book or litln)f;ra])li to scfurc its bonelits iiuist be iiiaiui- factured in this country. Consult: Copinger, Late of Copyiiyht in Works of Literature and Art (3d ed., J,ondon, 1893) ; Scrutton, Loirs of Copyright (3d ed., London, 1896) ; Drone. Treatise on the haus of Property in Intellectual Productions (Boston, 1879) ; MeGillivray. The Law of Copyriijht (London and New York. 1902) ; Uirrcll. Lrelurcs on Copyright (London and Xmv York. 1901). COQUELIN, ko'klfiN', BENoix Constant (1S41 — ). A distinguished French actor, known as Coquelin Aine, to differentiate him from his Tcjiniger brother, Coquelin Cadet. Born at Boulogne-sur-iler. Januarj' 23, 1841, he early showed such dramatic gifts that he was sent to the Paris Conservatoire (1859). The following year he took the second prize for comedy, and made his debut on the stage of the Coniedie Francaise in Le depit amoureux. Later he ap- peared with brilliart success in he manage de Figaro, Le malade im<iginoirc. Lc misanthrope, Le barbicr de ficvillc, and other pieces in the classic re])ertoire. In modern plays he was no less effective, and he speedily became a great popular favorite. His versatility is considered remarkable. Among his creations have been roles in Lc lion amoureux, Gringoire, Paul For- estier, Les faux manages. Le monde ou Von s'ennuie, and Denise, to mention only a few. He had been elected a socictairc in the Theatre Fran- cais as early as 1804, but in 18S he retired and made an extensive tour abroad. In 1888 he visited America. At the end of 1889 he returned to the Theatre Frani.ais, where as a salaried member of the company he remained till 1892, creating among other parts that of LabussiSre in Thcrmidor (.January, 1891). In 1893-94 he appeared again in the United States. His en- gagement in 189.5 at the Renaissance Theatre in Paris led to a lawsuit from the Comedie Francaise, in which he was condemned to pay damages. In 1897. at the Porte-Saint-JIartin. he produced Rostand's Cyrano de Bergei'ac, which has become his most celebrated character. In 1899 came his Napoleon in Plus que reine. In 1900-01 he visited America once more, this time in company with Sarah Bernhardt, to whose Due de Reichstadt he played Flambeau in Ros- tand's L'Aiglon. M. Coquelin is known also as a writer and lecturer, among his publications being: L'Art et le eonuklicn (1880), which has been translated into German, and into English (as The Actor and His Art) ; Les comfdiens, par un comedicn (1882) ; L'Arnolphe de iloliere (1882) ; and L'Art de dire le monologue, in part by his bi'other, Coquelin Cadet (1884). COQTJELIW, Ernest Alex.indre Honors (1S4S — ). A French actor, kno^^^^ as 'Coquelin Cadet.' to distinguish him from his more famous elder brother. Constant Coquelin. He was horn Jlay 16, 1848. at Boulogne-sur-]Ier, and in youth was for a time in the employ of the Northern Railway, but went, in 1864. to Paris to enter the Conservatoire and make a career upon the stage. He was graduated three years later with the first prize in comedy, and made his debut at the Odcon. In 1868 he appeared with his brother at the Thftltre Francais, and he continued there till 1875. playing in Les plaideurs. Tie bnrhier de Ecville, Les feinmes savantes, Le mariage de Figaro. L'avare, and other well-known pieces. In 1875 he went to the Varir>tf's, but returned to the Coniedie Francaise in the following year, and in 1879 he became a member of the conqjany. Among the principal plays in which he has created parts are: Le sphinx, L'unii Fritx, Les eorheaux, Denise, and L'heritiere. M. Coquelin Cadet owes much of his reputation to the success of the numerous monologues of which he is the author, and in the rendering of which he has gained great popularity in the salons of Paris. He has written also, under the pseudonym of Pirouette, Le Hire des concalesccnis (1880) ; Lc monologue moderne (1881): Fariholes (1882); Le rire (1887) ; Pirouettes (1888) ; and other humorous volumes. COQUELIN, Jean (186.5—). A French actor, son of Constant Coquelin (q.v.). He studied under his father, and in 1890-92 was engaged at the Theatre Francais. In 1897 at the Porte- Saint-Martin he created the rule of Ragueneau in Cyrano de Bergcrae. He has also played Lubin in Thcrmidor. Ycrdelet in Lc gcndre de .1/. Poirier, and Talleyrand in Plus que reine (1899). COQUEREL, ko'krel', Athanase Laurent Charles (1795-1868). A French theologian. He was born in Paris, and studied theology at Mon- tauban. In 1818 he became pastor of the French church in Amsterdam, and in 1830 was induced by Cuvier to return to Paris, where he won high reputation as a pulpit orator. An earnest oppo-. nent of the doctrine of predestination, he drew upon himself the violent attacks of the orthodox Calvinists, and propagated liis opinions in three periodicals founded by him. He was elected a member of the Constituent Assembly in 1848, and later also of the Legislative Assembly. Among his writings may be mentioned R^ponse au liiire du doeteur Strauss: La rie de Jesus (1841), which was translated into English; lliographie sacree : L'orthodoxie moderne; Chris- tologie (1858). His son Athanase (1820-75) also won distinction as a pulpit orator and was prominent as the leader of liberal Protestantism in France. He wrote Lihres etudes (1867) and Jean Calas ct sa fainille ( 1870). COQUES, kok. or COCX, Gonzales (1618- 84). A Flemish painter, born in .Antwerp. He studied under the third Pieter Breughel, and afterwards with David Ryckaert the elder. His works were greatly admired, and be received commissions from many of the notable persons of the time. He married the daughter of Ryck- aert, and was president of the Antwerp Guild from 1665 to 1666 and from l(i80 to 1681. His portraits usually dejiict a family group engaged in different tasks, the backgrounds often painted by other artists. They are very small, but a certain elegance of manner has given him the title of 'Van Dyck in miniature.' Among his chief works are "The Scholar and His Family," in the Cassel Gallery, and his own "Family" in the Dresden Gallery, and a portrait of Charles I. of England. COQUETTE, kS-ket' (Fr. coquette, flirt, fern, of coquet, gallant, little cock, from coq, cock; so called from its fanciful plumage). . kind of Inunming-bird. of which a dozen species are known, constituting the genus Lophornis, and scattered from the lowlands of Mexico to and throTighout the Amazon region. The coquettes are small, crested, and exquisitely adorned with spangled frills on each side of the neck; the