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* COORDINATES. 383 COPAIBA. tern into another, it will be necessary to refer to special works on the subject. Consult : Carr, l^ynopsis of Pure Mathematics (London, 1880) ; Lame, Lemons sur Ics eoorcloiiiiees curviligiies (Paris, 1859) ; llobius, "Der barycentrisehe Cal- cul" (1827), in his Gesammelte W'crke, vol. i. (Leipzig, 188.5) ; Townsend, Modern Geometry of the Point, Line, and Circle (Dublin, 1863-05) ; Scott, An Introductory Account of Certain Mod- ern Ideas and Methods in Plane Geometry (Xew York, 1894) ; Clebseh, Yorlesungen uber Gccyme- trie (Leipzig, 1876-91). COORG, koorg, or Kirg. A province of British India, on the southwest of Mj'sore. Area, 1583 square miles. Population, in 1891, 173.055; in 1901, 180.400. It was a native principality of ampler dimensions before 1834, in which year it was annexed by Great Britain. Xearly the whole of the region is covered with forests, more or less dense. Especially notable are the ancient ar- tificial fortifications. Tlie country is intersected by ramparts, which are from 15 to 25 feet in height, and by ditches of about 10 feet in depth and about 8 in width ; while, being in some places double or triple, or even quadruple, they measure in aggregate length upward of 500 miles. Cap- ital, ilerkara. COORNHERT, kOrn'hert, or CORNHERT, Dirk VoLCKERTSzooN (1522-90). ADutchscholar and poet, born in Amsterdam. He lived in Haar- lem from about 1542, supporting himself by his skill in engraving. In 1501 he became notary, and in 1502 secretary to the municipality also. Most active as a champion of political and reli- gious liberty, he incurred the disapproval of the Spanish Government, was imprisoned in 1567, and afterwards took refuge at C'leves and Xanten. When the States tlirew off the Spanish yoke in 1572, he was recalled and made secretary to the States of Holland, in which capacity he rendered important services to William of Orange. He was a famous theologian, stoutly opposed the orthodox Protestant party, and by his writings aided materially in preparing the classical period of the literature of the Nether- lands, His poetical works include Abrahams v.yt;ian(j (The Death of Abraham) and Comedie van de hiinde van Jericho (Comedy of the Blind Man of Jericho). Of his works in prose, the Zedekunst, dat is wellevcns kunst (Ethics: that is, the Art of Right Living), which appeared in 1586, deserves special mention. COOSA, koo'sa. A river formed by the con- fluence of the Etowah and Oostanaula rivers in Floyd County in northwestern Georgia (Map: Alabama, C 2). It flows southwest and enters Alabama, where it flows between the hills of the southern extremity of the Appalachian range and is joined by the Tallapoosa Eiver to form the Alabama Eiver just above ^Montgomery, The Coosa is about 335 miles long, is navigable in the lower part of its course, and drains an area of 10,000 square miles. COOS (koTTs) BAY. An arm of the Pacific Ocean in about latitude 43° 45' X.. in Coos County, Ore., about one mile wide and 15 miles long, a safe ship harbor, having a depth of 14 feet of water on its bar at high tide. On its soith shores are two important manufacturing and coal-mining cities. Empire City and Marsh- field. It receives the Coos River. COOSHIE (native name) ANT. A South American leaf-cutting ant (CEcodoma cepha- lotesj. See Sauba Ant. COO'SY. See Kl-.si. COOT (probably from Welsh erota, Corn, eiit, Ir., Gael, cutach, bob-tailed). A kind of rail or 'mud-hen' ( Fulica ), distinguished from other rails (q.v. ) chiefly in having tlie toes edged with a scaUoped membrane. Coots have a strong, straiglit bill, the base of which extends up the forehead, and there dilates so as to form a re- markable naked patch. The color is generally dark with more or less white, and the length is about 15 inches. Coots are aquatic in their habits, preferring lakes, or pools with reedy mar- gins, and retreating among the reeds on any alarm. The American coot {Fuliea Americana) is found breeding throughout all Xorth America, and -is migratory in the nortli. but resident in the south. It is dark-slate color, deepening on the head and neck, and the crissum is white. The nest is a hollow heap of broken, dead reeds ; the eggs (see Colored Plate of Eggs of Watek AND Game Bird.s) are usually about a dozen in number, clear clay color, dotted with dark brown. The young are covered with black down, striped with bright orange-red. See Plate of Rails, etc. The common coot (Fuliea atra) of the Old World is found in most parts of Europe, Asia, and the north of Africa. It is about 16 inches long, black, with a narrow white liar across the wings, and the naked patch on the forehead pure white, on aceoimt of which it is often called 'bald' coot. The crissum is not wliite, and this is the most important difference between it and its American cousin. It makes a large nest of water-plants among reeds or iiishes. Although not very highly esteemed for the table, the cir- cumstance that many can be killed by a single shot, on the mvid-banks to which coots resort in winter, as on the south coast of England, makes coot-shooting profitable to market gunners. Other species inhabit eastern Asia, Africa, and South America, The name 'coot' is very often incorrectly applied in the L'nited States to cer- tain ducks, which are properly known as scoters ( q.v. ). COOTE, Sir Eyre (1726-83). An English general, born at Ash Hill. County Limerick. Ire- land, He joined the first regiment sent to India, and took a conspicuous part in the capture of Cal- cutta. It was by his advice that Clive decided on the immediate and vigorous action which culmi- nated in bis victory over Siraj-ud-Daula at Plas- sey in 1757. On January 22, 1760, he achieved a victory o'S'er I.ally at Wandewash, which de- stroyed the power and prestige of France in India, Appointed commander-in-chief of the In- dian forces in 1779, he began, in 1781, his cele- brated campaign against Hyder Ali, whom he finally vanquished at Porto Xovo, thus saving Madras to the English. He died on shipboard while on his way from Calcutta to Madras, COOTER, A name in the southern United States for the Carolina box-tortoise. See TtRTLE. COPAIBA, ko-pa'ba (Sp. and Port., from Brazil, cupauba), or Cop.iivA, A valuable me- dicinal substance, consisting chiefly of a resin (resin of copaiba), and a volatile oil (oil of copaiba). It flows from incisions made in the stems of trees of the genus Copaifera, such as