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* CONWAY. 363 CONYBEARE. Lore (1878); The Wandering Jew (1881); as well as biographies of Edmund Randolph (1888), Thomas Vcrli/lc (1881), h'mrrson, at Home and Abroad (18S2), and llairlhorne (1890). His edition of the writings of Tlionias Paine (4 vols., 1804-flG) and liis life of Paine (2 vols., 1892) are liis most important works. CONWAY, RoiiEKT Seymour (1804—). An English classical philologist. He was born at Stoke Xewington, September 20, 1804. He re- ceived from Gonville and Caius College, Cam- bridge, the degrees of B.A. (1887) ; M.A. (1891) ; Litt.D. (189S). He was made fellow of Gon- ville and Caius (1888-94); classical lecturer in Newnham College (1887-93) ; professor of Latin, University College. Cardiff. Wales (1893—). He is the author of Yerner's Laivinltaly (1887) ; collaborator in the translation of Bruijmann's Comparatire Grammar (1888-95) ; and the editor of The Italian Dialects (Cambridge, 1897), etc. CONWAY, Thomas (1733-c.1800). An Irish soldier of fortune, who became an officer on the American side in the lievolutionary War. He was educated in France, entered the French army, and had attained the rank of colonel when, early in 1777, he came to Anierica and offered his ser- vices to Congress. He was appointed a brigadier- general in May of this year, served at Brandy- wine and (iormantown, and later in the year was made inspector-general, with the rank of major- general, contrary to Washington's wishes. He was the chief conspirator in the 'Conway Cabal' (q.v.), and upon the discovery of his intrigue resigned from the army in 177S. Soon after- wards, on July 22, he was wounded in a duel by General Cadwallader, who challenged him be- cause of liis attacks upon Washington. ConAvay then returned to France, reentered the armv, and in 1784 was appointed Governor of Pondi- chcrry and the French settlements in Hindustan. In 1792 he was appointed commander of the royalist forces in the south of France, but on the success of the Revolutionists fled from the country. CONWAY, Sir William Martin (1850—). An Englisli autlior and explorer. He was born at Rochester, was graduated M.A. at Trinity Col- lege, and remained at Cambridge til! 1880; lec- tured on art in university extension courses, and was appointed iirst professor of art at University College, Liverpool (1884). Subsequently he traveled extensively, surveying the Himalayas (1892), traversing" the Alps (1894), exploring the interior of Spitzbergen (1890-97), and the Bolivian Andes (1898). Among his numerous works on art and exploration are Woodcutters of the Xetherlands in the Fifteenth Century (1884) ; Literary Remains of Albreeht Diirer (1889); Cliniiing atid Exploration of the Karakoram- Himalayas (1894) : The Alps from End to End (1895).; The First Crossing of Spitsbergen (1897) ; Climbing and Exploration in the Boliv- ian Andes (1900). He was knighted in 1895. CONWAY CABAL', The. In American his- tory, the name given to an intrigue, organized under the leadership of Thomas Conway (q.v.), in 1777, during the Revolutionary War. for the purpose of bringing about the supersession of Washington, as Commander-in-Chief of the Amer- ican armies, by General Horatio Gates. With Conway were associated such men as Gates, Charles Lee, Thomas Mifflin, and Benjamin Rush, Vol. v.— 2J. besides several other army officers and members of the Continental Congress, wlio charged Wash- ington with gross incompetence and favoritism, and in particular endeavored to prove the siqieri- ority of Gates over Washington as a commander by contrasting the victories of the former at Saratoga with the almost contemporaneous re- verses of the latter at Brandywine and German- town. The faction gained sufficient power to secure the appointment of Gates as head and of Thomas Mifflin as a member of the Board of War and the promotion, against Washington's emphatic advice, of Conway to the rank of major- general, and to the position of inspector-general ; but they did not succeed in retaining any consid- erable following, and in a few mouths their schemes fell through, and Conwa}' was virtually forced to leave the service (1778). A good ac- count of the intrigue is given in vol. ii. of Fiske's The American Revolution (Boston, 1893). CON'WELL, Russell Herman ( 1842—). An American Baptist clerg^Tuan. He was born at Wortliington, Mass., and was educated at Wil- braham Academy, and at Yale and Albany col- leges. During the Civil War he served in the Union Army (1802-65), and rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. After the war he devoted him- self to the practice of law. He was correspondent in Germany of the New York Tribune and the Boston Traveler from 1808 to 1870. After his ordination to the ministry in 1879 he occupied the pulpit of Grace Baptist Church, Philadelphia (1881-91). He founded and became president of Temple College (established 1888), and the Samaritan Hospital was also established by him ( 1890) . In 1891 he became pastor of the Baptist Temjile, in Philadelphia. The following are his principal works: Why the Chinese Emigrate; Wontan and the Law; Joshua Gianavello ; Acres of Diamonds; Lives of the Presidents; and special biographies of Bayard Taylor, Charles H. Spurgeon, and Presidents Ha3-es"and Garfield. CONYBEARE, kun'i-bar, John (1092-1755). An English clergyman. He was born at Pinhoe, graduated at Oxford, and was ordained priest in 1710. In 1730 he was chosen master of Exeter College, of which he had previously lieen a tutor. Before this time he had attracted notice by the publication of two sermons on Miracles (1722), and on the Mysteries of the Christian Religion (1724). In 1732 he published his great work, A Defense of Revealed Religion, a reply to JIatthew Tindal's Christianity as Old as tlte Creation (1730). Conybeare was appointed Dean of Christ Church, Oxford, and finally Bishop of Bristol (1750). CONYBEARE, John Josias (1779-1824). An English scholar. He was the grandson of the Bishop of Bristol, and became professor of the Anglo-Sa.on language (1807) and of poetry at Oxford (1812). He made some contributions to the literature of geology and chemistry, but is chiefly remembered for his devotion to Anglo- Saxon literature. His Illustrations of Anglo- ^aocon Poetry (1820) was edited by his brother, William Daniel Conybeare. CONYBEARE, William Daniel (1787- 1857). An English geologist and clergyman, the younger brother of John .Josias Conybeare. He was educated at Westminster and Oxford. While at the latter institution he devoted much time to the study of geology', and his researches