Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/40

* CLEVELAND. 28 CLEVELAND. on either side liy the County Court-Hoiise ami the City Hall. An imposing Court of Honor will join these two groups of buildings. I'akks AM) (KMETKRiE.s. Among the many fine parks belonging to the city, the largest is Roikefeller Park, of 21)0 acres, a part of which •Aas given by the millionaire whose name it bears. It inchules the Valley of Doan Brook, with several smaller parks and parkways, and is con- nected with (Gordon and Wade Parks by the boulevard which extends also between these two. Gordon Park, on the lake-front, comprises 112 acres, and. with Wade Pai'k (83 acres) to the southeast, is noted for its gardens. The latter contains the statue of Commodore Perry, for- merly in Monumental Park, and a zoological garden. Edgewater Park (126 acres) has well- kept lawns, walks, and a beach with facilities for boating and bathing. Brookside Park ( 149 acres): Garfield Park I 163 acres); Woodland Hills Park (102 acres); Shaker-Heights Park, just outside the city limits, and named from the community which once occupied the land; Lakeview Park, on the lake shore: Lincoln Park; and the Circle on the west side of the river, are also worthy of mention. Besides Euclid Avenue, the more attractive drives are the boulevard system of 33 miles, connecting the parks, and Lake Avenue and Clifton Boulevard. Cleveland has a number of cemeteries, the largest of which are Woodland, Riverside, and Lakeview. The last, one of the most beautiful in the country, contains more than 300 acres, with great natural advantages skillfully im- proved. Here, on an eminence 2,50 feet above the level of the lake, stands the Garfield Memorial, completed in 1S90 at a cost of $225,000 — the bal- cony near the top, 105 feet high, atTording a fine view of the city and its suburbs. It is built principally of Ohio sandstone, and contains a chapel with symbolical panels and reliefs of scenes from the President's career, and his statue. His remains lie in a crypt beneath. In Lakeview Cemetery is sitiiated the Wade Memorial Chapel, which cost more than $350,000. Edvcatioxal Ixstitutioxs and Libraries. Cleveland has the normal equipment of a great city in the matter of public schools, with a BuHicient number of high and manual-training schools, besides numerous private and parochial institutions. The public-school system is con- ducted under what is coming to be known as the 'Cleveland Plan,' which prohibits all punish- ment, eliminates mechanical methods, introduces manual and domestic tr.aining to some extent in all grades, and practically abolishes stated writ- ten examinations — the teacher's judgment being accepted as the general basis of promotion. Cleveland was one of the first cities in the United States to establish a free high school, and the first west of the Alleghany Mountains, the date being .July 13, 1840. The "city is the seat of Western Reserve L'niversity (q.v. ). with its departments of Adelbert College, Women's College, and schools of medicine, law. and dentistry; Case School of Applied Science (q.v.); and Saint Ignatius College (Roman Catholic) . It contains also Saint Mary's Theological Seminary (Roman Catholic), Baldwin L'niversity Law School. Cleveland College of Law. Cleveland College of Physicians and Surgeons ( Ohio Wesleyan L^niver- sity), Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College, and Cleveland School of Pharmacy. In addition to libraries of the various educa- tional institutions. Cleveland has a Public Li- brary of over 23(i,000 volumes, the Case Library ( sul)scription)of oO.Ooil volumes. Cleveland iledi- cal Library Association. Law Library Associa- tion, and the Western Reserve Historical Society. Charities. The State institution for the in- sane, founded in 1S55. has 98 acres of ground 'and buildings that accommodate 1250 patients. The City Infirmary and Hospital treat annually 3400 patients, and maintain a department for out-door relief. Among several other hospitals may be noted the Lakeside Hospital. Federal Marine, Cleveland General, Cleveland Homeo- pathic, Saint Alexis, Saint Claire. Saint John's, and Saint Vincent's Charity hospitals. Other institutions are a house of correction, industrial schools, homes for the aged, and .Jewish, Roman Catholic, and Protestant orphanages. Promi- nent in the charitable work of Cleveland is the Goodrich House, incorporated in 1897 — a social settlement in the poorer part of the city, which contains clubs. kindergartens. a gymnasium. baths, sewing-rooms, a public laundry, and parlors and reading-rooms. With this equipment the Good- rich House, constructed at a cost of $80,000 and expressly for its work, stands among the fore- most institutional houses in the L'nited States. It is estimated that the charitable institutions, the more prominent being the Alta House and the Hiram House, control property exceeding in value $3,500,000. Ci.iBs, Theatres, and Hotels. The Union, Roadside, Tavern. Colonial, Rowfant, Excelsior, anil the Euclid and Country clubs, all owning the houses in which they are installed, the last- named being six miles distant to the east on the lake-front, are representative organizations. Among the principal places of amusement are the Euclid Avenue Opera House and Keith's, Ly- ceum. Empire, and Colonial theatres. The more prominent hotels include the Hollenden. Colonial, Hotel Euclid, Forest City, Baldwin, Tavistock, American, Kennard, and Hawley House. Commerce. d Industry. The construction of the Ohio Canal — completed in 1832 — connect- ing Lake Erie with the Ohio River, the northern terminus being the Cuyahoga River, gave Cleve- land commercial advantages over other cities on Lake Erie: and, though the canal has since de- clined greatly in importance, the city has now other and greater advantages by virtue of its location. Cldef of these is its proximity to the coal and oil fields of Ohio and Pennsylvania and to the iron-producing regions of Lake Superior, Cleveland being one of the most convenient points for the collection and distribution of the prod- ucts of both districts. The city has thus be- come an important commercial centre, and also a numufacturing place of the first rank. The bulk of the lake traffic consists of coal and iron. The receipts of coal in 1902 amounted to 5.800.000 tons, or three times that of 1890; and the shipments for the same year were 2.505,000 tons, or twice that of 1890. The coal is distributed among the various lake ports far- ther west and north. The receipts of iron ore in 1902 were 4.993.000 tons, as against 3.823.000 in 1900 or 1.950.000 tons in 1890. Lumber and grain are next in importance. Cleveland is the hirgest market for fresh-water fish in America. The citv has remarkable advantages for the accommodation of its shipping— two parallel