Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/39

* CLEVEDON. 27 CLEVEDON, klev'don. A watering-place in SonnTset, Knghtnd, on the Bristol Channel ami Severn Estuary, nine miles northeast of Weston- super-Mare. It has a fine beach, marine prome- nade, a pier, and a coast-guard station. It is noted for literary associations with Coleridge; also with Hallam, the historian, and liis son Arthur, commemorated by "In Memoriam," whose graves are in the parish churcli of Saint Andrew. Population, in 1891, 5412; in 1901, 5S98. CLEVE'LAND (ME. clif, clef. pi. dives, dcves, clitl's + land). A hilly region with some pictures(|ue fertile valleys, forming the eastern part of the North Riding of Yorkshire, England, between Wliithy and the Tees. Since IS.jI it has become a. populous mining district, owing to the discoverj' of ironstone. See MinDLESBROUGii. CLEVELAND. The county-seat of Cuyahoga County, Oliio. the largest city of the State, and the .seventh in the United States, and an impor- tant industrial and commercial centre, situated on the south shore of Lake Erie, at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, in latitude 41° .30' 5" N., longitude 81o 42' 0" W. (ilap: Ohio, G 2). It is 1,38 miles northeast of Columbus, and 244 miles northeast of Cincinnati; 3.57 miles east of Chicago, 023 miles west by north of New York, and .527 miles northwest of Washington. The city, fiSn feet above sea-level, and, at its highest point, 302 feet above the lake, is beauti- fully situated on elevated land, which slopes gently toward the lake, and occupies an area of over 34 square miles, with a lake-frontage of 10 miles, and extending back more than half that distance. It is divided imevenly by the Cuya- hoga River, the larger portion lying on the east side of that .stream, and it is intersected also by Kingsbury and Walworth 'runs,' the east and west tributaries of the Cuyahoga. The land bor- dering the river is low and flat, and here lie many of the industrial works — lumber and coal yards, ore-docks, etc. — almost hidden from view. Owing to the variation in level of different parts of the city, there are several elevated viaducts and many bridges (a number of which are owned by the municipality) spanning the Cuyahoga, and uniting the .sections of the city. The most remarkable of these is Superior Street Viaduct of stone and iron, completed in 1878, at a cost of $2,2.50,000, 3211 feet long, with a central draw- bridge OS feet above the water-level. The Cen- tral Viaducc, completed in 1888, crosses the river and is 2838 feet long. The Abbey Street Viaduct, crossing Walworth Run, is 1092 feet long. A smaller one (835 feet) spans Kingsbury Run. Cleveland has features of beauty in its liroad streets, ranging from 40 to 132 feet in width, which are so abundantly shaded with maples and elms that the city has acquired the name of the 'Forest City.' There are about 573 miles of streets, 252 miles of which are paved, brick and asphalt being extensively used. The piblic park system includes about 1440 acres, distrib- uted in areas of varying extent throughout the city, and its suburl>an districts to the east and ■west are thoroughly accessible by the street rail- ways, which operate about 220 miles of track. In contrast with its extensive industrial and commercial interests, Cleveland has very few large tenements, with congested popidation; even apartment houses are a recent development. Detached houses with gardens are the rule. Vol. v.— 3. CLEVELAND. The lake-shore front, the valley of the Cuya- hoga and the area along the Cleveland and Pitts- burg Railroad from Wason Street southeast to the city limits are centres of the manufacturing industry, while the business area extends from the lower part of the river east along Superior Street, which is 132 feet wide, and ;ilong l'>uclid Avenue to Erie Street. The Public Scpiare, or Monumental Park, containing the staliii' of den. Moses Cleaveland and the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, forms a park of 4^ acres about the inter.seetion of Superior and Onta rio Streets ; from this centre and from Ontario Street, which extends north and south, the principal streets of the east side of the city diverge. The far- famed Euclid Avenue, 83 to 90 feet wide, begins at the southeast corner of the Public Scpiare and extends beyond Lake View Cemetery, through the suburb of East Cleveland, the continuation beyond there being Euclid Road. Erom ilonu- mental Park to some distance east of Erie Street this Avenue is one of the main business thor- oughfares, but for the remainder of its length is built up with handsome private residences, sur- rounded b}' tasteful anil well-shaded groimds. Other fine residence streets are Willson, Case, East Madison. Amesbury, Ingleside, Bolton, Lake, Jennings, and Franklin avenues. Pros- pect, East Prospect, and Detroit «streets, and Overlook Road, the first two being 99 feet wi<le. Buildings. The more prominent buildings of the city include the City Hall, County Court- House, Chamber of Commerce, New Central Armory, Cleveland Grays' Armory, Public Li- brary, Adelbert College, Isiedical College of West- ern Resei've University, Case School of Applied Science, Northern Ohio Insane Asylum, Union Depot, Young Men's Christian Association, and the New Shcrift' Street JIarket, 400 feet long by 120 feet wide. The Arcade, 400 by ISO feet, built in 1889, at a cost of .$850,000, has a fine interior; arranged on both sides of a central court are the several tiers of stores and offices fronted by bal- conies. On Euclid Avenue, opposite Bond Street, and extending through to Prospect Street, is the Colonial Arcade Building, at the Prospect Street end of which is the Colonial Hotel. Other struc- tures worthy of note are the Williamson, New- England, Society for Savings, Citizens, American Trust, Schofield, Rose, Perry-Payne, Garfield, Cuyahoga, and Caxton buildings. The Plymouth and Pilgrim (Congregational), the First Metho- dist Episcopal and Epworth Memorial, First Presbyterian ("Old Stone Church"), Euclid Av- enue Baptist, and Saint Paul's ( Protestant Epis- copal) churches, and the Roman Catholic cathe- dral, are among the finest ecclesiastical edifices. Recently a plan has been projected systematic- ally to beautify the city by grouping the public buildings that are to replace the present edifices, some of which are rented, and which on the whole are architecturallv indilTcrent — an un- dertaking to which .$20,000,000 will ultimately be devoted. The public buildings will be ar- ranged in a quadrangle inclosing a mall, the whole occupying a plot of land in the heart of the city one-eighth of a mile wide by one-half of a mile long. The scheme of the "group plan" consists in ])lacing the new Po.st -Office, now under construction, and the proposed Public Library at the south end of the Mall ; at the north end of the Mall and on its axis a monumen- tal union railroad station will be placed, flanked