Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/363

* CONNELLSVILLE. 307 CONOID. rated as a borough in 180G. It is governed by a mayor, who holds oliice for three years, and a common council. Population, in 1890, 5629; in 1900, 7100. CONNEMARA, kon'ne-mii'ra (Ir. Con mac- nc-inara, sea-side of the descendants of Conmac, the second of the three sons of ilaeve, the English century a.d.). A district, 30 miles long by 13 to 20 broad, in the west of Galway. Ireland, be- tween the bays of Kilkieran and Ballinakill. The name is often applied to the whole western part of County Galway (ilap: Ireland. B 3). It afi'ords good angling and cycling, and is an inter- esting field for geologists and botanists. Build- ing-stone and a green variety of marble, well adapted for decoratixe work, are extensively quarried. CON'NER, B.wiD (1792-185G). A United Sta-tes naval oflicer, born in Pennsylvania. He entered the United States Navy as a midship- man in 1809, and during the war of 1812 served as lieutenant on the Hornet in her engagements with the Peacock and the l'c)i;iuin. He became commodore of the 'est India and home squad- ron in 1843, and, at the outbreak of the Jlexican War blockaded the Gulf ports. In his flagship, the Raritan, he led the attack on Vera Cruz in 1847 (see Vera Ckuz, C.pti'Re of) and landed General Scott's army of invasion. Commodore Conner was the first United States naval officer to use steamships in warfare. He was com- mandant of the Philadelphia Navy-yard at the time ot his death. CON'NERSVILLE. A city and county-seat of Fayette County, Ind., 60 miles east by south of Indianapolis ; on the White Water River and on the Cincinnati, Hamilton and Indianapolis, and other railroads (Map: Indiana, D 3). It manufactures blowers, carriages, buggy springs and bodies, axles, wheels, mirrors, furniture, triple signs, overalls, flour, etc. The city has a pulilie library and owns and operates its water- works. Connersville was incorporated in 1813, and is now governed under a charter of 1869, as revised, which provides for a mayor elected everv two vears, and a city council. Popula- tion,' in 1890, 4548; in 1900, 6836. CONNOISSEUR, kon'nis-ser' or -soor' (Fr., one who kno«s). A person who. without being an artist, is supposed to possess a discriminating knowledge of the merits of works of art. Such persons are called by the Italians cognoscenti. See Dilettante. CONNOISSEXJR, The. A weekly publication condiictcd by George Colman the Elder and Bon- nel Thornton, from the early part of 1754 to 1756. In it the first published work of William Cowper appeared, entitled Keeping a Secret. CON'NOR, Selden (1839—1. An American soldier. He was born in Fairfield, Maine, and in 1859 graduated at Tufts College. At the be- ginning of the Civil War, he enlisted in the First Vermont Volunteers, but later joined the Nine- teenth Jlaine Volunteers, of which he became colonel, and was severely wounded in the battle of the Wilderness. In 1864 he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, but in 1866 was mustered out of service. He was Governor of Maine in 1876-78. Subsequentlv he was United States pension agent (1882-86)! in 1890 became president of the Society of the Army of the Po- tomac, in 1896-99 was senior vice-commander- in- chief of the t)rder of the Loyal Legion, and in 18U7 was again appointed pension agent. CONNOTATION (from Lat. connotare, to connote, from com-, together -|- Ho(«cf, to note, from nota, mark, from noscere, to know; con- nected with Gk. ■yt.-yviiaKd.v, gignoslcein, Skt. jna, Engl, knoa) of .». Tei!M. In logic, tiie quality or totality of qualities an object nnist possess in order to be appropriately designated by a given term. Thus, the connotation of the term "animal* consists of all those qualities (organized physi- cal constitution, sensitiveness, etc.) which any object must possess if it is properly to be called an animal. Sjiionyms of connotation are inten- sion, comprehension, depth. (See Denotation.) A connotative term is one which has a connota- tion, and is said to connote the qualities by virtue of which objects have a right to be designated by the term, and to denote the objects possessing these qualities. CO'NODONTS (from Gk. Kuyos, kOnos, cone + ddoiit, odous, tooth). Minute fossil teeth of uncertain affinities, found in rocks of Ordovician to Permian age of North America and Europe. They are very small, shining objects, with more or less extended bases, from which arise one or many slender, sharp, short or long denticles. They thus vary in form from conical to pectinate according to the number and length of the denti- cles. The material of which they consist is red, brown, or white calcite or phosphate of lime. Associated with the tooth-like forms are minute plates of the same material, that probably be- longed to the same organisms. Conodonts were first described by Pander, in 1856, from the lowest fossiliferous (Cambrian) rocks of Russia, and were by him regarded as fish-teeth. Since" then they have been foiuid in England, the United States, and Canada, and various opinions have been expressed regarding their affinities. New- berry described a number from the Carboniferous shales of Ohio, and compared them to the teeth of myxinoid fishes. Other authors have con- sidered them to be the spines of Crustacea or the linguiil teeth of naked mollusks. These opinions are all less well supported by facts than is that of Zittel and Kohou, that conodonts are the teeth of annelids allied to the Nereidse. In the same rocks' with conodonts are often found jaws of annelids, described as Prioniodus, Polygnathus, etc. Consult: Pander, Monographic der fossilen Fische dcs siltirisclicn Systems (Saint Peters- burg, 1856) ; Hinde, "On Conodonts from the Chazy and Cincinnati Groups," etc.. Quarterly Journal Geological Society, vol. xxxv. London, 1879) ; Newberrv, Paleontoloqy of Ohio, vol. ii. (Columbus. Ohio. 1875); Zittel and Rohon, "Ueber Conodonten," Sitzun gsherichte der konig- lich - haycrischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Munich, 1886). See Worm, Fossil; Annulata. C 0' N O I D (Gk. KwvociSi^s, kOnoeidcs, cone- shaped, from Kuras, konos, cone -f eJSoj, eidos, shape). A conoidal surface is a surface gen- erated by the motion of a straight line which always meets a fixed straight line, is parallel to a fixed plane, and obeys some other law. The surface is called a right conoid when the fixed plane is perpendicular to the .fixed line. It was formerly used to designate quadries of revolu- tion, as the surfaces of paraboloids, ellipsoids, and hyperboloids. Cones, cylinders, and conoids are
 * Mab. reputed C^ueen of Connaught in the tirst