Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/35

* CLEMENTINA. lies, in ^ludia Biblica et Ecclesiastica, ii. (Ox- ford, 18!10). CLEMENTINA, kla'meii-te'na. Lady. In ]vii-har»Uoir> nnwl iS'/r Charles H ratidison, au Italian iiil'atuaU'il with Sir Charlos. CLEM'ENTINES (Lat. Clement i no-, sc. Icf/es, laws, frmu Clemens, Cleuient). A collec- tion of Papal ili'crees and constitutions published by Pope Clement ". in 1313. They constitute five books and 52 titles in the Corpus Juris Canoniei, and were separate!}' edited and pub- lished by the Benedictines in 9 vols., with an appendix ( 18S.")-11'2 ) . CLEM'ENT'S INN. An Inn of Chancery, attached to tlie Inner Temple, in London. It re- ceived its name from the neighboring Saint Clement's Well, and originally served as a place of entertainment for tliosc wlio made use of the waters. Master Shallow, in Shakespeare's Henry IV., Part II., tells of an event happening "before I came to Clement's Inn." CLE'OBU'LtrS (Lat., from Gk. KXei/3oi.Xo5, Kleoboulvs) . One of the Seven Wise Men of Greece. He was the son of Evagoras, and a native of Lindus, in Rhodes, over which town he was ruler. He lived between B.C. 628 and .5.58, and was perhaps the first to give a literary form to riddles, in which line he was followed by his daughter, Cleobuline. He also wrote lyric poetry. Diogenes Laertius ascribes to him a riddle on the year, the epitaph on the tomb of Midas, and a letter to Solon, all of which Diogenes has pre- served for us. Consult Bergk, Poeta' Lyrici Grwci (Leipzig, 10(10). CLE'OFAS, Dojs-. The Spanish student for whose benefit Asmodeus exposes to view the secret life of all Madrid by unroofing the houses, in Le Sage's Le (liable boiteux. CLEOMADES, kla'o'ma'des'. The Adven- TiTRES OF ( Fr., Les aventures de Cleomades) . A French poem, of some 20,000 lines, written by Aden&s le Roi, toward the close of the thirteenth century. Its plot is built upon the phenomenon of a wooden horse capable of transporting its rider to any destination. CLEOM'BEOTUS I. (Lat., from Cik. KXei/n- fipoTos, Kleonibrofos) ( ? -371 B.C.). A king of Sparta (B.C. 380-71). He was a son of Pausanias and succeeded his brother, Agesipolis I. He com- manded the Sjjartan army which was sent against Thebes in B.C. 378, and which returned home without accomplishing anything; and two years later he led into Bieotia a second equally unsuccessful exijedition. He was defeated and killed in the battle of Leuctra (B.C. 371). CLEOMEDES, kle'6-rae'dez (Lat.. from Gk. KXeo/xriS-ns, Kleojnedes). A Greek writer on astronomy of the first or second century a.d. Aft*r the manner of the later Stoics, he devoted himself to the study of meteorology and astron- omy, and comi)osed a treatise. The Circular Theory of the Henrenly Bodies (KukXikt; ffeapla Tt^v /xereuipioi', Kyldikr thcoria ton ^ncfeoron) , which contains many truths of modern science — the spherical shape of the earth, the revolution of the moon al)out the earth, etc. The best edition is that by Ziegler (1801). CLEOMENES (kle-om's-nez) I. (Lat.. from Gk. KXeo/i^vijs, Kleoinencs) . A king of Sparta. He was the son of Anaxandrides, and came to the 23 CLEON. throne not laler than B.C. 318 or 517. In compli- ance with the mandate of the Delphic Oracle, he in B.C. 510 assisted the Athenians in expelling from their city Hippias, the last of the Pisistra- tida;. Shortly after this event, he joined Lsagoras, the head of the Oligarchical Party at Athens, in an attempt to overturn the Clisthenian Constitu- tion. Clistlienes was driven from the city, and seven hundred families, partisans of Clistlienes, were sent into exile; but the undertaking, as a, whole, proved unsuccessful. Later he made an- other attempt to aid lsagoras, but again without success. At the time of the Ionic revolt, he was appealed to in vain by Aristagoras to join the Grecian cause. In the war which broke out be- tween Sparta and Argos, about the time of. the capture of ililetus by the Persians, Cleomenes, having b_y a piece of stratagem defeated the Argives near Tiryns, treacherously slew a num- ber of the survivors, and destroyed the lest by setting fire to the grove in which they had taken refuge. No fewer than six thousand Argive citi- zens perished at this time, in and after the battle. On his return to Sparta, Cleomenes was impeached for not having attacked Argos, but was acquitted. He afterwards, by bribing the Delphic Oracle, secured the dethronement of his colleague, Demaratus, and in his later years be- came insane, finally taking his own life. CLEOMENES III. ( ? -219 B.C.). A king of Sparta. He was the son of Leonidas II. and the last of the Agidie. He became King about B.C. 235. Cleomenes was the inheritor of the aspirations of King Agis TV.; his aim was to do away with the ephorate at Sparta, and reassert the power of the kings, and then to raise Sparta to the position of leader in Greece. Tlie further- ance of his plans brought him into opposition to the Achaean Leagne. War broke out between Sparta and the League in B.C. 227, and in the following year Cleomenes twice defeated the Achceans in battle — once at the foot of Mount Lyeteus, in Arcadia, and a second time at Leuc- tra, in the territory of Megalopolis. After this he proceeded to introduce his changes in the Spartan Constitution; he abolished the ephorate, restored the prerogatives of the kings, made a re- distribution of the lands, and extended the franchise. In the year B.C. 224 he utterly de- feated the Achicans in a. battle at Dyme. near HecatombiEum, but in B.C. 221 was him.self de- feated at Sellasia by the combined forces of the Macedonians and ^Vcha>ans, inider the command of Antigonus and Philopccmen. Fleeing to Egypt, he there later endeavored to head an insurrection of the people, but, failing in that, took his own life. Cleomenes was the last great statesman that CJreecc produced. CLEOMENES, or The Spartan Hero. A play b_v Dryden and Southerne, produced in May, 1G02. The title character is an exiled monarch, who seeks the assistance of a foreign ruler to restore him to his throne. The subject caused some opposition to the presentation of the play, as it was thought to have a disagreeable Jacobite significance. CLE'ON. The governor of Tharsus, in Shake- speare's I'ericles, who, with his wife, is burned to death for planning the murder of Marina, daughter of Pericles. CLEON (Lat.. from Gk. KX^uc, Kkon) ( ? -422 B.C.). An Athenian demagogue, who