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* COLLEGES. 146 COLLEGIATE CHURCHES. tern, a student, beginning at ssix years of age, and progressing at the normal rate, will enter the eollege at eigliteen, and not until twenty- two begin his special professional training. To gain time, in many universities, the senior collegiate year is allowed to be partly spent in professional work. At Chicago the spe- cialized work ma.y begin in the junior year. The system of credits, too, generally in vogue, by which the satisfactory completion of a certain amount of work entitles a student to his degree, without regard to the time required to accom- plish it, often renders graduation possible in less than four years. The entrance requirements and curricula of the colleges have varied widely. Many colleges, especially in the West and the South, are yet lit- tle more than high schools. Some of the States have, however, interfered to determine what in- stitutions shall be authorized to grant degrees, and it is highly desirable that this example should be universally followed. Attempts have also been made among the better colleges to insure greater uniformity in entrance require- ments. The colleges of the Middle States and of Maryland united in 189!) in the formation of a general entrance examination board. In the West, the State universities set the standard for collegiate enti-ance requirements within their several commonwealths. It remains to mention a few new methods of control that have come to prevail over American colleges. Originally, they were all governed by corporations or boards of trustees, and were chartered either by the King or by Colonial legislatures. The older institutions have re- tained these charters, with the obvious modifica- tions necessary after the Kevolution. A little later, a movement was set on foot to take the colleges under State supervision and control, but it was checked by the decision in the Dartmouth College case, by which States were prevented from assuming control over the property of cor- porations existing by virtue of a charter sanc- tioned by their legislatures. The result was that the older Eastern foundations remained under private management, while in the West and the South the system of State luiiversities — usxuilly merely colleges — grew up. These institutions are controlled by regents appointed in various ways, often by the Governor of the State, al- though in jMichigan they are elected by the peo- ple. In some of the Eastern institutions also the State has come to exercise a voice in the govern- ing board. Ordinarily, the control of these private colleges is in the hands of a self-perpetu- ating board, which controls the finances, ap- points the instructors, makes laws for the gov- ernment of the institution, and confers degrees. The instruction and discipline of the students, their admission and dismissal, and the recom- mendations for degrees are left in the hands of the faculty as a matter of immemorial custom. Much general power is lodged in the hands of the president, and in the university colleges the deans are intrusted to a large extent with the control and direction of the students. In 1899-1900 the number of students (men and women) in insti- tutions of higher learning, including technical and professional schools, was 98,923. This is an increase of over 100 per cent, in actual attend- ance within the period of ten years, and of over 100 per cent, in the ratio of students to popula- tion within the period of twenty-seven years. The ratio of increase is highest with graduate students and with women, thus indicating the lines of present development in the ork of higher education. The total number of profes- sors and instructors in the same institutions amounted at the given date, in round numbers, to about 14,000. The value of their pioperty was estimated at .$300,594,525, and the annual income was $28,5.58,403. See Coixegiate Edu- cation FOR WoMEx : Elective Cour.ses; Uni- versity: and the various colleges. COLLEGE VIEW. A village in Lancaster County. Xel)., a few miles south of Lincoln, the State capital. It is the seat of Union College (Seventh-Dav Adventist), opened in 1891. Popu- lation, in 1900, 8(i5. COL'LEGEVILLE. A village in Stearns County, Minn., 10 miles west by north of Saint Cloud; on the C4i-eat Northern Railroad (ilap: ^liimesota, D 5). It is the seat of Saint John's University (Roman Catholic), opened in 1867. Population, about 130. COLLEGEVILLE. A borough in ilontgom- ery County, Pa., 25 miles northwest of Philadel- phia; on the Perkiomen River and on the Phila- delphia and Reading Railroad (Map: Pennsyl- vania, F 3 ). It is the seat of Ursinus College (German Reformed), opened in 1870; has a bridge over one hundred years old ; and manu- factures boilers and machinery. Collegeville was incorporated as a borough in 1895. Population, in 1900, 611. COLLE'GIANS, The. A novel by Ge^rald Griffin (1829). An edition appeared" in 1861 under the new title, The Colleen Bann, or the Collegian's ^Yife, illustrated by Phiz. COLLE'GIANTS (from Lat. collegium, as- .sembly). A branch of the Dutch Calvinists, who called their assemblies for worship 'colleges.' The sect was founded in 1619 by the brothers .John, Adrian, and Gilbert van der Codde, at Rijnsburg, a couple of miles north of Leyden; hence they were also called the Rijnsburgers. They rejected creeds, and had no regular minis- try, nor any form Of church government. They aclopted baptism by immersion, but their com- munion was open to all. They were not unlike the Plymouth Brethren of the present day. They opposed Avar and office-holding by Christians. They became extinct in the eighteenth century. COLLE'GIATE CHURCHES (from Lat. collegiatns, member of a college, from collegium, assembly). A title applied to certain churches other than cathedrals to which is attached a body of clergy living in community. ( See Canox ; Chapter.) Of the ninuerous collegiate churches which flourished in Germany as early as the time of Charlemagne, that of Aix-la-Chapelle was espe- cially famous. In England after the Reformation the title was retained, without much of the organ- ization, as in the cases of Westminster. Windsor, Wolverhampton, Heytcsbury, Southwell, iliddle- ton; also Brecon in Wales, and Galway in Ire- land. Ripon and ^Manchester have been consti- tuted the cathedrals of new dioceses. The term is also applied to churches with an associated body of clergy, without episcopal supervision. The best-known instance is the Collegiate Re- formed Dutch Church of New York City.