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* COLGATE. 140 COLIGNY. Now York City, ami received his first eoninier- cial training in the house of Hoornian, Johnston & Co. He hiter established the hanking house of Trevor & Colgate, afterwards known as J. B. Colgate & Co. His extensive loans to the Gov- ernment and sound financial policy during the financial crisis of 1873 contributed materially to the reestablishment of confidence both in the United States and in the markets of Europe. He was one of the founders of the New York Gold Exchange, and was for several years its presi- dent. As trustee and president of Colgate (for- merly JIadison) University, he for thirty years made almost annual donations to that institu- tion, the development of which is due chiefly to his constant care and valuable advice. COLGATE, S.*.Ml-EL (1822-97). An Ameri- can manufacturer and philanthropist, born in New York City. He became widely known as a soap-maker, and the manufactory he built in Jer- sey Cit.y has developed into one of the largest establishments of the kind in the world. He was also prominent in pliilanthropieal work. For more than thirty years he was trustee of Colgate .University, and for many years he was president of the New Y'ork Baptist Education Society, president of the Society for the Sup-, pression of Vice, and a member of the Executive Committee of the American Baptist Missionary Union and of the American Tract Society. One of his most noteworthy achievements was the collection of 30.000 volumes of reports (now in the Colgate University Library), comprising the documentary records of the Baptist denomina- tion. Conjointly with his brother, James B. Colgate, he gave large sums to Colgate (formerly Madison) University, which in 1889 was named in honor of the Colgate family. COLGATE UNIVERSITY. An institution of higher education, situated at Hamilton. N. Y. It was founded by the Baptist Education So- ciety in 1818, for the education of Christian ministers. The collegiate and preparatory depart- ments were incorporated in 1846, under the name of Madison Uni'ersity. leaving the management of the theological department with the Baptist Education Society. Under the administration of President Ebenezer Dodge (1868-90), the endow- ment fund of the college increased from .$1.50,000 to .$500,000. In 1890 the name of the institution was changed to Colgate University, in honor of William Colgate and his sons, who established the 'Dodge Memorial Fund' of $1,000,000. In ]89i3 Hamilton Theological Seminary — since 1846 under the control of "the Baptist Education So- ciety — became part of Colgate University. The attendance, including the theological department, is about 220. The elective system has been in- troduced in the senior year, and largely in the junior year. The librai-y numbers about 35.000 volumes, besides the famous Baptist Historical Collection, the gift of Samuel Colgate. Colgate Academy, originally a part of the institution, is now located in a separate building, but forms an integral part of the corporation. Colgate Uni- versity ofiFers courses leading to the bachelor's and master's degrees in arts, philosophy, and science, and to the bachelor's degree in divinity. It offers also courses in education which enable students to obtain college graduates' professional certificates. The university endowments amount to over $1,600,000, and the total value of the university property to $2,160,000. COLIC (from OF., Fr. colique, ML. colica, colic, from Gk. kwXik^, kulike, colic, from kuXoi/, kolvn, colon). A name employed by physicians to denote severe pain of the abdomen, spasmodic in character and dependent upon irregular con- traction of the muscular coat of the intestines. Intestinal colic is a symptom of neuralgia of the intestines, caused by cold; of mild enteritis, caused by irritating food or purga- tive medicine; of toxic conditions such as lead poisoning, poisoning Viy the bacterial toxins of shell-fi.sh, etc. ; of peritonitis, appendicitis, and other diseases. If warmth, an aperient (such as castor-oil), or peppermint, or tincture of gin- ger, fails to give relief, a physician should be .summoned. Renal colic is pain over the kid- ney and through the abdominal wall, due to ])assage of a calculus, or stone, from the kidney through the ureter into the urinary bladder. Hepatic colic is the pain caused by the passage of a gall-stone from the gall-bladder into the intestines. COLIC IN ANIMALS. A disease most fre- qently occurring in horses and mules. It as- sumes several forms, such as spasmodic, flatu- lent, and habitual. Spasmodic or cramp colic is caused by spasm of the small intestines and is due to the presence of foreign bodies in the in- testines, to large draughts of cold water, to ex- posure to cold, or to hard work too soon after eating. It is most frequent in high-bred horses. This form of colic always begins suddenly. The horse looks backward, shows acute pain, paws, lies down and gets up frequently. As the pain becomes more intense the animal throws himself down with great violence and strikes with the feet. These spasms are interrupted by intervals of quiet, hut the intei-vals become shorter and shorter. This form of colic ordinarily yields promptly to appropriate treatment. Perhaps the best remedy is one ounce of chloral hydrate in a pint of water given as a drench. Cannabis indica gives good results, as also ether and laudanum. Flatulent colic is sometimes vised as synonymous with bloat (q.v. ). Baking-soda in doses of two to four ounces is a good remedy. Any alkaline substance neutralizes the acid fermentation and should be administered at once. In severe cases the bowels may be punctured at the most dis- tended part by means of a trochar and canula. Enemas of lukewarm water, to which a little soap has been added, arc useful in both forms of colic, as are also cathartics, such as aloes in full doses. COLIGNY, kfi'le'nye', or COLIGNI, Gaspabd DE ( 1517-72). An Admiral of France and Hugue- not leader, born at Chatillon-sur-Loing. Febru- ary 16. 1.517. He came of a noble family, his father having been Marshal Gaspard de Coligny, his mother Louise de Montmorency. He was in- troduced at Court at the age of twenty-two and served under Francis I. in Italy, where he evinced great bravery, especially at the battle of Ceresole (1544). Under Henry II. he was made colonel-general of the infantry, and in 1552 he became Admiral of Fr.ance. In all the wars in w^hich he took part he showed himself a born general and leader. On the death of Henry IL, 1559. Coligny, who had previously adopted the Reformed faith, became, with the Prince of Conde. one of the great leaders of the Huguenots. In this capacity he was remarkable alike for his