Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/148

* COELLO. 116 CCEXJR. Alexander Farnese in the Hermitage at Saint Petersburg. In the Escorial there are some far less interesting pictures of saints by him, and there is a 'Olartyrdom of Saint Sebastian" in tiie PradOj which is one of his best subject pic- tures. COELLO, Claidio (1021-93). A Spanish painter, lioru in JIadrid. He studied under Francesco Uizi, and afterwards under Carreuo de Jlirado. who was a pupil of Velazquez. Coello was in Rome for some time and returned to Spain in company with the painter JosO Donoso. Together the artists painted many large pictures for churches, and decorations in fresco for vari- ous palaces. All of these works have disap- peared. Their designs for the trium]ihal arches raised to celebrate the marriage of Charles II. with Marie Louise d"Orl(Jans brought Coello to the notice of the King, and a few years later he became Court painter. At this time he painted his greatest picture, "Charles on His ICnees Among the Xobles of His Court." In this there are more than fifty portraits. Coello was now the foremost painter of his time, but the rise of Luca Ciordano discouraged him and he lost his prestige. C'oello's mature style was based on that of Rubens and Titian, and his best work is of extraordinary power. His finest pictures are in the galleries at Toledo, Salamanca, and Madrid. Two of liis large religious compositions are at the Prado. In the Hermitage at Saint Peters- burg there is a portrait of Coello by himself. CCELORYNCHTJS, se'16-rin'kus (Xeo-Lat.. from Gk. /coiXos, koilos, hollow + pvyxo^, rhynchos, nose ). A genus of small deep-sea fishes of the family Macruridse (q.v. ), allied to the cods, which inliabit the deci)er parts of various oceans and seas. There are many species, of which a com- mon one is the silvery gi'ay carminatus of the ^'est Indian region. See Plate of Codfish and Allies. COEN, koon, Jan Pieterszoon (1587-29). The founder of the Dutch colonial power in the East Indies. He entered the service of tlie East India Cimipany in 1607, and was tJovernor- General in 1G18-2.3 and again in 1627-29. During his first term he fought suceessfullj' against the English and the native princes, and in 1619 destroyed the town of Jacatra, on the site of which he soon afterwards foimded Batavia. He succeeded in compelling the English to withdraw nearly all their factories from the archipelago and in shutting tliem out from the trade of the islands. CCENO'BIA (Xeo-Lat. nom. pi. of cccnobium, Gk. Koi.p6fiiov, h(jiii(ihio)i. life in a co7nmunity, from Koii'Ss, IcoIikjs, common + /S/os, bios, life). A term applied to certain colonies of cells among the algip, remarkable for their regularity of form. They are developed inside mother cells whose contents divide into the required number of daughter cells, which group themselves in the interior. In some forms {Volrocales) the indi- vidual cells are ciliated, so that the entire colony swims through the water. The colony of Vol- vox may have as many as 22.000 cells. Other colonics are motionless, and contain a small numl)er of cells arranged with beautiful sym- metry (Pediastrum, Scenedesmus. etc.). The water-net (Hvdrodictvon) is an immense cceno- bium of 700 to 20,000' cells. CCEN'OCYTE (Gk. koiv6s, koinos, common -j- KtJTos, ki/lox, cavity). The body of an unpar- titioned plant, and also a segment of the body of an incompletely partitioned plant, found chief- ly among certain algie and fungi. It differs from a single cell, which has one nucleus, iu that the contained protoplasm contains many nuclei. The jjrotoplasm lies in a continuous cavity where portions of it containing the nuclei and other structures slowly circulate. E.xcellent illustrations are presented by the molds among the fungi, and by the order Siphonales among 1 he alga». For details, see Alo.e ; Fungi. COERCION ( from Lat. coercio, from coercere, to restrain, from co-, together -- arcere, to con- tine). In law, such a degree of physical force, or threatened personal violence, or intimidation, applied to a person as constrains or induces him to do some act which, but for such constraint, he would not have done. Under some circumstances coercion applied to a person's wife, husband, or near relative, or injury to his property, will be held to have the same etiect as if it were applied to the per- son himself. The consequences of an act done imder coercion may generally be avoided by a person, as it is not the product of his will and he is not con- sidered responsible for it. In the United States, generally, where a person commits a crime under such coercion that he has a reasonable appre- hension of instant death or serious bodily harm he is excused from the consequences. A less degree of coercion will render a civil act void- able. See DiRESS. COERCION ACTS. See Ireland, History. CCEUR, ker, J.cques (c.1395-1456). A cele- brated French merchant and financier, born at Bourges. As early as 1433 he began to trade with the Levant. " In 1436 Charles VII. made him master of the mint in Paris, and in 1441 he was ennobled. Three years later he was sent as one of the royal commissioners to preside over the new Parliament of Languedoc, and in 1448 he represented the French King at the Court of Pope Nicholas V., who treated him witir great CffiNOBIUM. 7a, wat**r.net (Hydrodict.von); lb, the sama with two meshes enlarged: 2. Pandorina,