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* :CELENTERATA. 11'5 COELLO. luiii) ; thoy increase rapidly in variety, and at- tained already, early in the Silurian, great ini- jxirtauce as rock-builders in the reef-building corals (see CoRAi. [si.. d; Limestone; Dolomite), vhioh persisted through all formations to the present time, their remains often forming the greater part of whole mountain ranges, as in the Southern Alps. !Medusoid impressions, repi'e- senting not only the Hydromedusip, but also the Seyphomedusfe, occur as early as the Cambrian in Bohemia, Sweden, and Xorth America, and are known from later rocks. (See Medusa; Jelly- fish.) Those suborders of the Hydromedusre. whose species possess either chitinous-calcareous or calcareous skeletons — viz. the Hydrocorallinoe and Tubularia" — are also found in the fossil con- dition, though only sparingly and not until the Mesozoic and Tertiary formations. The most important representatives of the first suborder are the calcareous skeletons of Millepora, appear- ing in the Eocene, and of the second sub-order, the masses of calcareous concentric lamelUe with supporting pillars, which have been described as Kllipsaetinia from the Alpine Jurassic, and as Parkeria and Porosjjha'ra from the Cretace- ous. Similar calcareous concentrically lamellose forms, but without larger apertures on the sur- face, the Stromatoporoidea (see STROM.iTOPORA), are extremely common in the Silurian and De- vonian systems, where they were leef-builders and important rock-making organisms, being associated with the corals. Their real systematic position being unknown, they are provisionally sllied with the Hydromedus;c. A like relation to the Hydromedus® is held by the graptolifes (see Gkaptolita), which, form- ing chitinous hydroid-like colonies, swarmed, cither as holoplanktonie or pseudoplanktonic or- ganisms, in the Silurian seas. They difl'er in some important features, as the possession of a sicula and virgula, from the hydroids. On ac- eoiuit of the world-wide distribution of their spe- cies and their short range, they are most impor- tant horizon-markers or index fossils. For bibliography of fossil forms, see the ar- ticles on Coral; Graptolita; Medus.=e ; Stroma- TOPORA ; Jelly-Fish ; etc. See also Acaleph.e; Alctonaria; Sea-Axem- OXES; Antiiozoa; Hydboids; Polyp.s; Portc- (.rE.SE Man-of-w..r : Sea-Fans; Sea-Pen; Si- vhonophora; Zoophytes. Consult: Agassiz, L.. Contrihtitions fo Hie ynfunil Histon/ nf the Vnitcd States, vols. iii. and iv. (Boston, 1862) ; Agassiz, A.. Monofiraph of ^orth Amcricnn Acalephoe, and other papers in the Memoirs of the Museum of f'ompunilire Zoology: and Fcwkes, "Aid to Collectors of Coelenterata," etc.. Bulletin of Essex Institute, vol, xxiii. (Salem, 1803). CCELE-SYRIA, se'le-slr'i-a (Lat., from Gk. Ko/Xi) Sup/a, Koile Si/ria, hollow Syria). A geo- gra]ilncal term used by Greek writers in three difTerent senses: (1) Originally, in the first cen- tury of the Seleucid era, Ccele-Syria was the name given to tlie region lying between the Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon mountains in Syria (cf. I. Esdras iv. 48). 'The Valley of Lebanon' denotes the same district. (2) Later, in the second century B.C., it was used to designate all the Syrian regions in the southwest — i.e. East and West Palestine, the Lebanon region, and other adjacent lands except Phcenicia. Such is its signiiicance in most instances in I. Esdras and in the First and Second i^Iaccahees. (3) In Koman times Ca'le-Sjria did not include West Palestine, certainly not Samaria and .ludea, and probably not Galilee. It then signilied that por- tion of Syria of which Damascus was the me- tropolis — i.e. the Lebanon countries, the terri- tory aI)ont D:nnascus, and K,ast-.Iordan Palestine. Some ancient writers, as Polybius and .Josephus, at times use the term in a loose way, as includ- ing all southern Syria as far as the Egyptian border. COELHO, ko-a'lyo ( Port., rabbit), or Conejos. The rabbit-tish (I'ruihethiclithys Prometheus) of the Middle Atlantic, so called in Madeira. See Rahbit-Fisii. COELHO, GoN^ALO. A Portuguese navigator, the commander of a ship on the coast of Sene- gambia about 1488, He is supposed to have been tlie leader of the expedition of 1.501 to ex- plore the Brazilian coast. Afterwards he was jilaced in command of six ships sent out from Lisbon in 1.503 to seek a passage to the East Indies around the southern part of Brazil, the extent of South America being at that time un- known. After sufl'cring shipwreck and becoming separated from a part of his llect, Coelho con- tinued his journey of exploration in the remain- ing ships beyond the present site of Rio de Janeiro, returning to Lisl)on in 1500. COELHO DE ALBUQUERQUE, dfi al'boo- ker'ka, Duarte (1537-C.79). A Portuguese gov- ernor. He was born at Olinda, Pernambuco, and was the oldest son of Duarte Coelho Pereira, whom he succeeded as Captain-General of Per- nambuco in 1554, which possession, after com- pleting his education in Europe, he governed per- sonally from 1500 to 1572. On his return to Portugal he accompanied Dom Sebastiao to Af- rica, was cajjtured by the Moors, August 4, 157S, and died in captivity at Fez. CCE'LICA (Lat. nom. pi., celestial, from caelum, heaven). A collection of short poems by Fulke Greville (1033). CCELIC'OL.a; (Lat., worshipers of heaven). A sect condenmed in decrees issued by Theo- dosius II. in 408 {Cod. Theodos. 16, 5, 43) and in 409 (Co<7. Theodos. 16, 8, 19) as marked by a "new and unwonted audacity," and, as heret- ical, ordered to conform within a year or take the consequences. Augtistine alludes to it in a letter {Ep. xliv., cap. vi.. § 13) written in 398. Consequently the sect was extant in the fourth and the fifth centuries. It seemingly did not last nnich longer. Its exact nature is difficult to de- termine, but probably it presented a combination of .Tewish and Cliristian doctrines and practices, among which the most prominent was the use of baptism along with circumcision. COELLO, ku-fi'lyo, Alonzo Sanchez (c.1515- i)0). A S|>anish painter of Portuguese descent, born near Valencia. His first work was done ]:robably under some minor Flemish master in Madrid. Afterwards he went to Lisbon with An- tonio Moro, and worked there until he succeeded that artist as Court painter to Philip II, of Spain, ile became a great favorite Avitli Philip, and ex- ecuted many portraits of the King, his children, and the personages of the Court. Among his best works are portraits of Don Carlos and the Infanta Isabella in the Prado: of two unknown ladies, life-size, in the Museum of Vienna, and that of