Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/130

* COCKBUBN. 100 COCK-FIGHTING. For details of his life, consult his Memoriah of His Oicn Time, and Chambers's Biographical Dic- tionary (if h'liiiiiciit ticolsineii. COCKCHAFEK. See Chafek. COCKER. A small dog. See Spaniel. COCKIIK, Kdward (c.1631-75). An English engraver and tcaolior. He was born probably in Xorthaniptonshire. and died in London. The tirst edition of his famous arithmetic (which was the lirst to confine itself to commercial questions only) was published posthumously in 1678, by John Hawkins. At one time it was thought (following De Morgan's belief) that Hawkins wrote this work, but the evidence is against this view. Its popularity lasted nearly a century, and its sale probably exceeded 100 editions. The expression 'according to Cocker' became proverbial through its frequent use on the title-pages of arithmetical treatises follow- ing his metliod. Cocker's chief works are: Tutor to Arithmetic (1604) ; Compleat Arithmetici<in (before IGOO) ; Arithmetic, edited by Hawkins (1678) : and numerous contributions to methods of calligraphy. COCKERELL, kok'er-cl, Chakles Robert (1788-1863). An English architect, born in London. In 1810-17 he visited Greece, Italy, and Asia Jlinor to study ancient architectural re- mains, made excavations at .Egina and other places, and enriched the British ^luseum with many rare and valuable fragments, notably from the temple of Jupiter Panhellenius at .Egina and Apollo Epicurius, near Phigaleia. He be- came surveyor of Saint Paul's Cathedral in 1819, chief architect of the Bank of England in 1833, and a member of the Eoj'al Academy in 1836. From 1840 to 1857 he was professor of architecture in the Royal Academy. He was the designer of many public buildings, such as the Hanover Cha]iel in London, and the Taylor Buildings at Oxford. His works include: The Temple of Jupiter Olympius at Agrigentum (1830); Ancient Sculptures in Lincoln Cathe- dral (1848) ; and Iconoqraphy of the ^y€st Front of M'clls Cathedral (1851). COCKERILL, kok'er-il, John (1790-18401 An Englisli nuuuifacturer, born at Haslingdeii With his brother, Charles, he established in Ber- lin a successful woolen-factory, and subsequently at Seraing. near Li&ge. Belgium, an iron-foundry and machine-shop, which became the largest on the Continent. King William I. of the Nether- lands was for a time a partner in this business. COCK'ERMOUTH:. a town of Cumberland, England, at the confluence of the Cocker and Derwent, 25 miles southwest of Carlisle (Map: England, C 2). It is situated in an agricultural district, and in the vicinity are extensive coal- mines. On the left bank of the Cocker are the ruins of a castle built in the eleventh century and destroyed by the Parliamentarians in 1648. Near by is a tumulus, with a Roman camp and ditch, where many ancient relies have heen found. The town was the birthplace of the poet Words- worth. It has woolen and flax mills and manu- factures hats, paper, hosiery, etc. Population, in 1891, 5464; in 1 901, .5400.' COCK-FIGHTING. This is a sport of the highest antiquity, and to-day is the great pa.s- time of millions, in the place of its origin, the far Orient, as well as a favorite sport in many Western nations, including practically all Latin America, It is noted in the earliest records of China, it was a common pastime of the Persians long before the Greek invasion, it existed ia ancient Rome, and Fitzstephen vouches for it in England in the twelfth century. Ascham, the tutor of ucen Elizabeth, was charged with being "too nuich given to dicing and cock-fighting," and is known to have had the intention of writing "a book of the Cock-pitte." Cock-pits existed ia the metropolis of England (as they did in New York) well into the nineteenth century. Pierce Egan describes the Cock-pit Royal in Fulton Street, Westminster, as a large, lofty, and circu- lar building with seats rising as in an amphi- theatre. In the middle of it was a round, matted stage of about 18 to 20 feet in diameter, rimmed with an edge 8 or 10 feet high, to keep the cocks from falling over into the auditoriun in their combats. There was a chalk ring in the centre of the matted stage, about a yard in diameter, and another chalk-mark within it, much smaller, which was intended for the setting- to when the birds become too exhausted to make hostile advances toward each other; they were then placed back to back within the inner mark. A large and rude branch candlestick was sus- pended low over the mat on the nights of battle. This description will practically suffice for all cock-pits.
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GAME-COCK, WITH BTEEL SPCBS. The origin of the breed of game-cocks is lost in an ob.scurity as dim as that of the origin of the sport. The jungle-cock of India may have been its progenitor; he has the constitutional instinct of fighting highly developed. To-day there are various strains — 'Warhorses,' 'Fannie Carters,' 'Eslin Red Quills,' 'Arkansas Travelers,' 'Gordons,' 'Cotton Bolls,' 'Transatlantics,' and 'Hustlers,' are only a few of those which are favorites in the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia.