Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 05.djvu/113

* COASTING TRADE. back the ice of the Penobscot. In summer these coasting steamers do a large share of the pas- senger as well as trade trallic. The thoroughness of the coast survey, and the introduction of the weather service whereby mariners are duly fore- warned of danger, have done much to prevent the disasters which were common not long ago, and even the dreaded Cape Hatteras has lost much of its terror. There are no records of the volume of business which is done in the coasting trade, but the fact that the licensed tonnage in the coasting trade and fisheries grew from 3,160,917 tons in 18tiO to 4,338.U5 in 11)00, coupled with the fact that the tonnage of steam vessels increased from 770,641 tons in 1860 to 2,289,825 tons in 1900, attests its growth. Moreover, the fact that 816,795 tons of American shipping registered in 1900 in the foreign trade were represented by 4,006,114 tons in the statistics of tonnage cleared, gives us by va_y of comparison some idea of the enormoiw business wluch must be done in the coasting trade. The reports of the United States Commission of Navigation contain a. wealth of material relating to all shipping questions. COAST LINE. See Shoee. COAST PILOT. A pilot licensed to conduct vessels from one part of the coast to another. He is expected to be familiar with all buoys, beacons, lighthouses, and other aids to naviga- tion along the part of the coast for which he pilots, and to have such a knowledge of the soundings, currents, weather, etc., as to enable him to conduct safely a vessel in thick or bad weather or at night. Upon reaching the en- trance to a port the local pilots take charge of the vessel. The term' is also applied to a series of volumes published by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, which give information in regard to the coast of the United States in great detail. COAST RANGE. The system of uplifts which extends along the Pacific Coast with interrup- tions from southern California to the Strait of Juan de Fuca in Washington (Map: California, B 1 ). The name is also given to the range of mountains that defines the coast line of British Columbia and which is flanked by the Island Range on the west and merges into the Cas- cades toward the east. The Coast Range of the United States has its beginning in the San .Tacinto. Range of southern California. Thence the line of elevations is continued in a general northwesterly direction by the Santa Ana, San Bernardino, San Gabriel, and Sierra Madre ranges, and by the San Rafael Range, the last being joined by a spur of the Sierra Nevadas lying to the east. From this point (about lati- tude 35" N.) northwest to the Bay of San Fran- cisco there are two well-defined ranges, the one known locally as the 'Coast Range' rising abruptly from the shore line, and the other (Monte Diablol paralleling the coast but lying some fifty miles inland. Both ranges are inter- rupted bv the indented trough of San Francisco Bay. Throughout northern California the Coast Range is formed by more or less disconnected mountain groups, which near the Oregon boun- dary diverge to the east and connect with the Cascade Range. Further north, in Oregon and Washington, the uplifts are less marked, the ele- vations averaging only from 1000 to 3000 feet. 85 COATI. The Olympic Mountains, however, near the Strait of Juan de Fuca in Washington, in- clude .several peaks of considerable elevation, the highest being Slount Olympus, with an alti- tude of 8150 feet. The culminating points of the Coast Range are found in southern California, where are located Sau Bernardino Mountain, 11,- 000 feet; San Jacinto Mountain, 10,987; Teha- chipi Peak, 9214, and Mount Pinos, 9214. In cen- tral and northern California, the extreme eleva- tions are attained in Jlount Diablo, 3849 feet, and laqua Buttes, 3580 feet. Except in southern California, the Coast Range presents no marked barrier to the drainage of the coastal region. This is due both to the interrupted character of the range and to its low altitude. The principal rivers crossing it are the Chehalis, Colimibia, Umpqua, Rogue, Klamath, Eel, Sacramento, and Santa JSIaria. The Salinas River occupies the valley between the parallel ranges of southern California and flows into the Bay of Jlon- terey. See topography of California, Oregon, Washington ; and for Coast Range of British Columbia see topography of British Columbia. COAST-RANGE TROUT. A local name in Cialifornia for the rainbow trout (q.v.). COATBRIDGE, kot'brij. A prominent and prosperous town of Lanarkshire, Scotland, nine miles east of Glasgow (Map: Scotland, D 4). The town is in the centre of a mineral district, and contains malleable-iron works, and many other '.voiks connected with the iron industry. Owing to the great increase in the iron trade, Coatbridge has grown rapidly in size and pros- perity. Population, in 184"l, 1599; in 1901, 36.981. COATES'VILLE. A borough in Chester County, Pa., 39 miles west of Philadelphia; on Ihe Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia and Reading railroads. It contains a fine Y. M. C. A. building, and is noted as an industrial centre, the establishments including iron and steel- works, steel-plate mills, boiler-works, brass and iron foundries, silk-mills, etc. Settled about 1800, Coatesville was incorporated in 1867. The government is vested in a burgess, elected every three years, and a borough council chosen on a general ticket. There are municipal water- works. Population, in 1890, 3680; in 1900, 5721. COATI, ko-il'te, or Co.a.ti-Mondi. The native Brazilian name of certain tropical raccoons of the genus Nasua. They are not unlike the typi- cal raccoons in many of their characteristic*, but the body is more elongated. They are from two to three feet long, and are chiefly remarkable for the elongation of the snout, which is a sort of llexible proboscis, and is used in search of food, and in rooting up the earth to obtain worms and insects. They are often domesticated in South America, and are very afl'ectionate, active, troublesome, and amusing. They are arboreal in their habits, and besides insects, eat birds and their eggs. Only two species are known, the Mexican coati {Nasua narica) and the Brazilian red coati {Nasua rufa). The for- mer is brownish-gray and is found from Panama northward to southern Mexico. The other is reddish-brown and occurs throughout South America east of the Andes. Consult: Pop. Sci- ence Montlilii, vol. ii. (New York. 1872) ; Ameri- can Naturalist, vol. x. (Boston. 1877) ; Proc.