Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/922

* CLAKK. 812 CLARKE. CLARK, William George (1821-78). An Eiiglisli srliolar. He was born in March, 1821, and passi'd his boyhood in Yorkshire. In 1844 he graduated froui Trinity College, Cambridge, with great distinction, and was elected fellow of liis college. He was subsequently elected a tutor, and then public orator of the university (1867). In 1849 he visited Spain, and in 1850 he made a tour of Greece. Sketches of these travels were piiblislied under the titles Gazpacho (1850) and I'rlopoiniesiis (1858). In 1853 he took orders, publishing in 18(i0 four Sermons preached at Trinity : but in 1809 he asked his Bishop to be relieved, stating his reasons for the step in a pamphlet entitled. The Present Dangers of the Church of England (1870). He edited the first series of Vambridge Essays (1855); contributed to Eraser's Magazine: and was one of the founders of the Journal of Philol- ogy (1868), of which he was an editor; but he is chiefly known for the Cambridge Shakespeare (9 vols'., 1803-00), in which, though it was planned by himself, he was aided by W. A. Vright {q.v. ). It furnishes the best text of any yet published. The two editors also prepared ilie (llohe Shakespeare (1864). and single plays for students. Owing to ill health. Clark retired from Cambridge in" 1873 and passed his last years at York, where he died, November 6. 1878. in 1883 the Clark Lectureship in English Litera- ture was founded, at Trinity, from property he left to the college. CLARK, Willis Gatlord (1810-41). An American poet, born at Otisco, N. Y. He became proprietor and editor of the Philadelphia Ga- zette, and was long a contributor to the Knicker- locker Magazine, edited by his brother, Lewis (iaylord Ciark (q.v.). by whom were prepared his Literary I'emuins (1844) and a complete edi- tion of bis' poems (1847). The former of these was made up chiefly of the Olhipodiana Papers, a serie.s of prose sketches that had first appeared in the Knickerbocker. His poetry is contem- plative and serious, his prose marked by hu- morous fancy. Consult: Wendell, .1 Literary nistory of America (New York, 1900)'. CLARKE, Adam (c.l7021832). A British Methodist clergyman and biblical scholar, bom in County Londonderry, Ireland. He studied at John Wesley's School, at Kingswood. near Bris- tol; adopted the career of a ilethodist preacher; was sent out by Wesley, in 1782. to ]>rea<h the Methodist doctrines, and was president of the conferences of 1800. 1814, and 1822. He was a thorough student of the classics, natural sci- ence, Clnirch history- and Oriental languages and literattire. and published works in all of these branches. Some of his books are: A Biblio- graphical Dictionary (0 vols., 1803-04) ; .Me- moirs of the Wesley Eamily : and, most important of all. Commentary on ilie Bible (8 vols.. 1810- 26). He was engaged in editing Rymcr's F'c- dera. fnmi 1808 to 1818. wlien exhaustion com- pelled him to give up the t.a.sk. For his Life, consult Etheridge (London, 1858). CLARKE, Bkn'.tamin Frankt.ix (1831 — ). An American engineer and educator, born at Newijort. -Maine. He graduated in 1803 at Brown University, and afterwaids bc<'ame con- nected with the university as iistnictor (1863- fi8), professor of mathematics (1808-93), profes- sor of mechanical engineering (from 1893), and acting president (1890-97 and 1898-99). In 1884 lie published a biography and eulogy of Prof. Samuel S. Greene. CLARKE, Ch.rles CowDEN (1787-1877). Ad English author and lecturer, born in Enfield, Middlesex. He was an intimate friend of Shel- ley, Keats, Leigh Hunt, and Lamb, in conjunc- tion with his wife, ilary Cowden Clarke (q.v.), lie annotated an edition of Shakespeare (1809), and compiled The Shakespeare Key ( 1879). His brilliant lectures on Sliakespeare and other poets, which he delivered in London (1834-54), gave liim 'a considerable reputation, and did much to arouse a wider interest in the liigher drama. He published: Tales from Chauar (1833); Shakespeare Characters (1803): Molicre Char- acters (1865) ; Recollections of 'rilers (1878) : and numerous articles on the drama and fine arts for periodicals. Consult Biography, by his wife (London, 1887). CLARKE, Edward D. iel (1709-1822). An English traveler and mineralogist. He was born at W illingdon, in Sussex; graduated at Cam- bridge in 1790 ; and then traveled, as companion to several wealthy yomig men, through the greater part of Europe. Egj'pt, and Asia .Minor, remaining away from England until 1802. In 1807 he began a course of lectures on mineral- ogy at Cambridge, and the university estab- lished a professorship of that science for him. He pre.sented to the library a number of valuable marbles ; among others, the colossal statue of the Eleusinian Ceres, discovered by Wheeler in 1670, and now in the Fitzwilliam
 * Museum. His Trarcls (6 vols., 1810-23) were

received with extraordinary favor. Besides this work and numerous publications bearing on mineralogy, he wrote: Greek Marbles Brought from the Shores of the Euxine, .iri'hipelago, and Mediterranean (1809), and The Tomb of .Al<:c- ander (1805). His collection of minerals, coins, etc., was purchased by Cambridge University. For his Life, consult Otter (London, 1825). CLARKE, Helen Archibald. An American editor and critic, bom in Pliiladelphia. She graduated, in 1884, at the music department of the University of Pennsylvania; in 1889, with Charlotte Porter, founded Poet-Lore, a quarterly magazine of letters, and in addition to many articles for reviews has publislied. in collab(U-a- tion with Charlotte Porter, editions of Jiobert Bronning's Poems (1896); Itobert Broicning's Complete Poetical Works (1898); and Broit-n- ing Study Programmes (1900). CLARKE, Henri Jacque.s Giillavme, Comte d'Hunebonrg and Due de Feltre ( 1765- J818). A French general, born at Landrecies (Nord). He studied at the Ecole JMilitaire. Paris, entered the cavalry, and having bccomt- lieutenant-colonel, so distinguished himself at Horcldieim as to earn promotion to the rank of brigadier-general. In 1793 he was deprived of his command, as a suspect, but in 1795 was reinstated in the service as a general of division, and made by Carnot chief of the tnpo- grajiliical bureau of the War Ministry. Sent by the nirectoiy to Italy to observe the movements of Napoleon, then ' commanding the French army there, he entered into the spirit of that general's plans, and was later rewarded by be- ing appointed his private secretary. In 1805 he Was Governor of Vienna, in 1806 of Berlin.