Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/915

* CLARE. 805 CLARirNCIETrX. interests and nianufaitures of frieze and hosiery. Tlie chief town is Knnis. the county-town. Popvi- lation, in 1841, JSO^JOO; in ISo'l, 21_>.700; in 18111, 120,244; in I'.IOl, 112,100. fonsult Frost, Ilisiani and Topography of the Counly of Clare (Uuhlin. 1893). CXABE, or CLARA, Saint (1191-1253). The founder of the Order of Poor Clares, the Fran- ciscan Order for women. She was a member of a rich and noble family of Assisi, in the Duchy of Spoleto. Attracted by the eloquence and piety of Saint Francis of Assisi, she abandoned the pleasures of social life, in which she had previovisly indulged, and betook herself to soli- tude, prayer, aiul mystic meditation. With the advice of Saint Francis she founded her Order in 1212, and. after obtaining a great reputation for sanctity, died at Assisi, August 11, 1253. Two years afterwards she was canonized by Pope Alexander IV. (See Cr^BES, PooK.) Consult Demore, Vie de Sainte Claire d' Assisi (Paris, ISoti). CLARE, Ad.. a rather insipid girl in Dick- ens's Hhtik House, friend of Esther, who later marries the optimistic Carstone. Both she and her husband are wards in chancery, and heirs in the .Jarndjce will case. CLARE, Lady Clare de. An heiress in Scott's poem ilarmion, whose lover is ruined by Marmion. CLARE, John (1793-1864). An English peasant poet. Born. July 13. 1793, at Helpstone, near Peterborougli, he was taken from school at seven and employed on a farm, paying for such education as his meagre wages would allow. He became a servant in a public-house; was ap- prenticed to a gardener; ran away, enlisted in the militia, lived among the gypsies; worked as a lime-burner, and at one time was compelled to seek parish relief. In 1821 he published Poems Descriptire of Rural Life and Scenery, and later in the same year his Villaye Minstrel and Other Poems. He became famous, was pat- ronized and flattered, fell into dangerous habits, and. lieeoming insane, died in a private asvlum, Alay 20, 1864. Though helped much by his friends, Clare was always poor. When very young he learned <)ld songs, which first led him to verse-making. Afterwards he came across Tliomson's Seasons, which he read constantly. His poems deal with rustic scenes and the inci- dents of village life. They are spontaneous and musical, but lack vigor. For his life, consult: Martin (London. 1865), and Cherry, Life and Remains (London, 1873). CLARE COLLEGE. One of the colleges of the I'niver^ity of Cambridge. It was founded as 'University Hall' by the university in 1326. Ten years later its 'advocacy' or patronage was made over to Elizabeth de Burgh, Countess of Clare, by the chancellor of the imiversity, Rich- ard de Baden. Part of the great estates she had inherited by the death of her brother at Ban- nockbum she devoted to refounding this hall, first as Clare Hall, with the particular object of educating clergv' to take the place of those swept off by the plague. In later generations the college departed from this pious purpose somewhat, though it was especially noted in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries for its di- vines, who were learned, if somewhat too liberal- minded for their times. Bishop Latimer was a fellow of the college, as was Archbishop Tillot- son ; Cudworth was master, aiid anujng the other members of the seventeenth century nuiy be noted William Whislon and Thomas Burnet. Wheelock, the Anglo-Sa.xon scholar, and Ma- s?res, the niatlieiuatician, were also members of Clare. The buildings of the college have suffered very frequently from fire. The present quad- rangle, one of the most beautiful in Cambridge, was begtui in the seventeenth century; but tlie work was interrupted by the Civil War, and it was not completed till 1715. The present foundation is a master, 18 fellows, 24 residents, and two non-resident scholars, besides luider- graduates. CLARE ISLAND. An island off the west coast of ilavn. Ireland, at the entrance of Clew Bay (Map: 'Ireland, A 3). It has a length of four and a half miles, with a breadth of two miles. On its northeast extremity there is a lighthouse at an elevation of 487 feet above the sea. Population, 1000. CLARE'MONT (Fr., 'fair moimt'). A man- sion at E^lier, in Surrey, England, 15 miles southwest of Loudon. It was the home of Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg ( later King of the Belgians) in the early part of the nineteenth century, and from 1848 to 1850 the residence of the exiled Louis Philippe, King of the French, who died there. In consequence, (Zlaremont be- came the headquarters of the Orleans Party. CLAREMONT. A village in Los Angeles County, Cal., 37 miles east of Los Angeles; on the Atchison. Topeka and Santa Fe Kailroad (ilap: California, E 4). It is in the centre of a fruit-giowing region, producing es|)ecially oranges and lemons, and is the seat of Pomona College (Congregational), established in 1888. Population, less than a thousand. CLAREMONT. A town in Sullivan County, X. H., 50 miles northwest of Concord; on the Boston and Elaine Railroad (Map: Xew Hamp- sliire, E 8). It is also on the Sugar River, which furnishes abundant water-power. The town has manufactures of cotton and woolen goods, paper, diamond-drills, machinery, machinery supplies, shoes, brick, lumber, brooms, and brushes, and there are also granite and marble yards. Clare- niont contains the Fiske Free Librarv, founded in 1873. Population, in 1890, 5565; in 1900, 6408. CLAR'ENCE, Duke of. A title occasion- ally given to a younger member of the British royal family. It was first bestowed on Lionel, the second son of Edward III. In recent years it was held by Albert Victor Christian Edward (1864-92). the eldest son of King Edward VII., then Prince of Wales. CLARENCE, Fitzboy. One of Tliackeraj-3 various nuiiis-dc-jthinie. CLARENCIETIX, klilr'en-shw or -su. An English heraldic officer, the first of the two pro- vincial kingsof-arms. (he second being Xorroy. The jurisdiction of Clarcncicux extends over all England south of the Trent, that of Xorroy com- prehending the portion north of that river. Clarencieux is named after the Duke of Clarence, third son of King Edward III. It is his duty to visit his province, to survey the arms of all jiersons bearing c<iat armor within it, to register descents and marriages, and to marshal the