Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/796

* CHKISTADELPHIANS. 698 CHRISTENING A SHIP. He has the threefold character of propliet, priest, and king; the first otiice He fullilled by His life and death on earth, and now as priest He me- diates before the Deity ; as king He will return to earth and reign over all the world from the tlirone of David in the Holy Land. In 180.5 the Christadclpliians had in the United States 63 organizations and some 1300 members. They reject the doctrine of the Trinity, practice im- mersion, and have no ordained ministry. Con- sult H. K. Carroll, The RcH(iious Forces of the Viiitcd States (Xcw York, 1890), pp. 89-90, 454. CHBIST A LA PAILLE, kr^st k lA p4y (Fr., Christ of the straw). A painting by Rubens, made about 1617, representing the body of Christ lying on a stone bench and covered with straw. The lifeless form is sup- ported by .Toseph of Arimathapa, and the Virgin, the ^lagdalen, and John weep beside it. The canvas now hangs in the large central room of the museum in Antwerp. Belgium. It was de- signed as an altar-piece, and is flanked by pictures of the Virgin and Child and the Evangelist Saint John. CHRISTCHtrnCH. A Parliamentary and niunicii)al bdrcniyh and seaport on the English Channel, in Hampshire, England, at the head of the estuary formed by the Avon and Stour. 24 miles southwest of Southampton (Map: Eng- land, E 6 ). The priory church, partly of Xonnan and partly of early English architecture, one of the mu--t interesting and beautiful of English ecclesiastical structures, dates from the reign of William Kufus, and was restored in 18G1. The Parliamentary borough comprises two favorite ■nateringplaces, iluddiford and Bournemouth, and returns one member to Parliament. Christ- church Bay has a double tide everj' twelve hours. Christchurch was known in Saxon times as Tweo- raeteam, hut took its present name from the Augustinian Abbey of Christchurch, founded here before the Conquest. Population, in 1891, 4000; in 1001. 4200. The church contains a monument to Shelley. CHRISTCHITRCH. The capital of the Prov- ince of Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand, situated on the river Avon, about eight miles from the sea (Map: New Zealand, D 5). Its port is Eyttelton, with which it is connected by a railway. It is the centre of a great grazing district, and also has flourishing manufactures, of which boot and shoe making is the chief. There is a large e.vport trade, mainly in timber and wool. The city possesses numerous fine public buildings, churches, including a tine reproduction of Caen Cathedral. France, a museum, a theatre, Chri.st College, high schools, parks, and pleasure grounds. The city has steam tramways, and owns an abundant artesian well-water supply. The United States is represented by a consular agent. Christchurch is the .see of the New Zea- land Bishopric of Canterbury. The city owes its foundation to the Canterbury Association, incor- porated l)y royal charter in 1840. a society of inlluential men wlii<li included the Archl)ishop of Canterbury, Lord Lyttcllon, and oilier prelates and peers. Each of its streets, laid out on a rectangular plan, bears the name of an English diocese. Population in 1801, lfi.200; with sub- urbs, .31,600; in 1001, 17,537, CHKIST CHURCH. A college at Oxford, England, the magnificent project of Cardinal Wolsey, when, as the minister of Henry VIIL, he was the most powerful man in England next to the King. The foundation was to be known as Cardinal College and was to have in connec- tion with it a school in Ipswich, Wolsey 's native place. The plans for the college were drawn, and the building begun in 1525, but with the fall of the Canlinal in 1520, and his death in 1530, the whole project fell to the grounil. in 1532. how- ever, Henry 'in. took up the work, refouiided the college on a smaller scale under the name of King Henry the Eighth's College, and in 1545- 40 he again reconstituted it under the name it now bears, and united it with his newly estab- lished see of Oxford by the removal of the epis- copal establishment from Osney to Christ Church. He thus formed a unique uuion of cathedral and college, from which the founda- tion was called .Tides Christi, or the House of Christ. It is spoken of generally as the 'house,' not the college, and the incumbents are referred to as the Dean and Chapter, not of Oxford, but of Christ Church. The original foundation was for a dean, eight canons, eight clerks, a school- master, one hundred students, choristers, and an organist. In accordance with the few changes of 1882, there were a dean, six canons, thirty-one senior students (i,e. fellows), two lecturers, a number of honorary students, sixty scholars, and twenty-nine exhibitioners, besides six chaplains, an organist, singing men, and choristers, the whole forming the largest collegiate establish- ment in Oxford, The buildings about the gi'eat quadrangle (Tom Quad) include the cathedral, which occupies the site, and contains some of the work, of the Saxon nunnery of Saint Frides- wide, and the Hall, with the exception of the Hall of illiain Rufiis at Westminster, the most splendid examjile of its kind in England. Christ Church is one of the foremost colleges in O.xford, and has always been famous for its distinguished members. Among these may be mentioned tive prime ministers of England in the Nineteenth Cen- tury — Canning, Pe^l. Gladstone, Salisbury, and Kosebery. Of the otlier ])olitieal worthies may be noted Arlington, Nottingham, Godolphin, Boling- broke, Carteret, WviuIIkuu, Grenville, Sir G. C. Lewis, Lord Elgin, and Lord Dalhousie. Christ Church has had on its books, besides these, such names as Lyttelton, ilansfield. John Locke. Wil- liam Penn, Ben Jonson, Camden, Sir Philip Sid- ney, John and Charles Wesley, Dr. Pusey, and Ruskin. CHRISTEN, kre'stcn, Ada. CuRiSTtAxr:. See Breden, CHRISTENING, krisVn-ing (from AS. cris- teiiinii, to Christianize, baptize, from cristena. Christian, from Lat. Christiatius, (ik. Xpta7iav6(, Christianos, Christian, from Xpianic, Christos, Christ). A term often used as equivalent to bap- tism (q.v.). It is disliked by some, and of course liked by others, as favoring the doctrine of bap- tismal regeneration; being, indwd, according to its derivation, expressive of (he notion that a person is made a Christian in baptism. But, like many other terms, it is frequently employed without rcferenee to its origin, and without any intention of conveying the opinion which it might be strictly held to imply. CHRISTENING A SHIP. The present cus- tom of christening ships doubtless grew out of the ancient libations practiced when .ships were