Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/711

* CHICOPEE. 617 CHIERI. east side of the Connecticut Kivcr, at the mouth of the Cliic'opec, and on the lioston and Maine Railroad (Map: Massachusetts. B 3). 15y means of several dams, abundant water-power is derived from the Chieopee Kiver lor the variety of manu- faeturcs for whieli the lily is noted. The prod- ucts include firearms, cotton ^oods. knit goods, bicycles, knitting-machines, agricultural imple- ments, bronze statuarj-, swords, machine and . mechanics' tools, boilers, carpets, athletic goods, and many other articles. The city maintains an almshouse and a i)uhlic library of about 21.000 volumes. The government is vested in a mayor and a city council, the majority of whose members are elected at large, and in the custom- arv achninistralive departments. Population, in IS'yO, 14,0.50; in inoo. m.lCT. Settled about 1075. Chieopee was incorporated as a town in 184S, including the villages of (^hicopee Falls, Fairview. and Willimansett, and was chartered as a city in 1800. Consult Holland. Historti of Western Massachusetts (Springfield. IS.iS). CHICOPEE RIVER. A river formed near Three Kivcrs, JIass.. by the junction of the Quaboag, Ware, and Swift rivers (Map: Jlassa- ehusetts. B 3). It flows west, and empties into the Connecticut River at Chieopee. It is 20 miles long from the mouth to Three Rivers, and with the Quaboag about 50 miles. It drains an area of 700 sciuare miles, and has twenty-eight ponds in its basin. It has a rapid fall, thus affording extensive power at Chieopee, Chieopee Falls, Lud- low, and Three Rivers. The name Chieopee is sometimes applied to the Quaboag branch as well. CHICORY, or SUCCORY (Fr. chicor^e, Lat. ciclwriitin, from Gk. Kixip'O'', kichorion, chicory). A plant belonging to the genus Cichorium, of the natural order t'onipositip. the same natural fam- ily of plants to which the sunflower, the oxeye daisy, the dandelion, the lettuce, and other use- ful and obnoxious plants belong. The few spe- cies are all herbaceous perennials, with spread- ing branches and milky juice, natives of Europe and western Asia. Chicorv* has become natural- ized in the United States, occurring as a weed along roadsides, in fence rows, and in fields. Common chicory (Cichorium intyhus) grows from one to five feet high. The leaves resemble those of the dandelion, hut are generally larger, with the exception of those on the upper part of the stalk, which are small and inclined to be lance-shaped, and the (lowers, of a beautiful blue, though sometimes pink or white, occur in heads from 1 to IV.' inches in diameter. The plant has a long, carrot-shaped root, whitish-yellow or grayish-yellow in color on the oiitside. but white within. Chicory is quite extensively cultivated in Europe for use as a 'table salad, for fodder, and for the roots. It is also grown to some extent for its roots in the United States. (For illus- tration, see Sai.,I) Plant.s.) The young leaves, when properly blanched, are considered equal as a salad to those of endive, a plant belonging to this same genus. The young green leaves are eaten much in the same manner as spinach, and the roots, a.s long as they are young and tender, are also used as a food. The plant also has some merit as a forage crop. It is princi- pally cultivated, however, for its roots, which ore roasted and ground, and in that form are used as a substitute for coffee and as an adulter- .int for coffee, snuff, and other articles. Chicory itself, however, is sometimes adulterated. CHICOT, che'kd, Fr. proii. sh*'k6'. See CVMNOC'I.AnUS. CHICOUTIMI, shf-koo't.J-mO'. The capital of Chiciiutiiiii Couiily. Quebec. Canada, at the con- fluence of the (hicoutimi River with the Sague- nay. and on :i junction line of tlii' (,*uel)ep and Lake Saint .John Railway (Map: Quebec. E 2). It is an important lumber town, with one of the largest establishments and trades in that commodity in Canada. It is the see of a Roman Catholic bish- opric, and has a cathedral, college, convents, and sailors' hospital- The settlement dates from the .Tesuit cha]iel built in 1(!70, interesting relics of which were found during the erection of a new chapel in 1893. Population, in 1901, 3826. CHIEF (OF. chef, chief. It. capo, from Lat. caput, head). In heraldry (q.v.), an honorable ordinary. CHIEF JUSTICE. In the English and American judicial .systems, the title of the pre- siding justice of a bench or court of judges — the terms judge and justice being identical in meaning. The presiding or superior judge of the King's (or Queen's) Bench and of the Court of Common Pleas in England has always borne this title, the former being known also as the Chief Justice of England, and ranking all other judicial otiicers of the kingdom except the Chan- cellor (q.v.). The eorres])onding otBeer of the (Jourt of Exchequer, whose judges were known as barons, was called the Chief Baron. See Baron. The presiding justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and of the courts of highest jurisdiction in most of the several States, bears the title of Chief Justice or Chief Judge, as the case may be. The Chief .Justice of the United States is the highest judicial officer of the re- public. Among his functions are those of admin- istering the oath on the occasion of the inaugura- tion of the President and Vice-President, and of presiding over the Senate of the United States when that body is resolved into a high co.urt for the trial of impeachments. The Chief Justice ranks next after the President of the United States in official dignity. CHIEMSEE, KPm'z.-i'. The largest lake of Bavaria, situated in Upper Bavaria, about 42 miles southeast of Munich, at an altitude of over 1700 feet. It covers an area of about 33 square miles, and is irregular in shape. The southern coast is generally swampy, while on the other sides the surrounding countrj- is hilly and ex- ceedingly picturesque (Map: Germany, E 5). The tributaries of the lake are the Aehen and Prien, and its outlet is the Alz. It contains three islets, on one of w'hieh is the royal palace built by King Louis II., an edifice of fairy-like splendor. CHIERI, ky:-i'r<*- (Lat. Carca, or C'cara). A city in north Italy, in a fertile, hilly country, 11 miles southeast of Turin. The most interest- ing churches are San Domenico. dating from 1200. and Santa Maria della Scala. from 1405. Chieri has a gymnasium, a technical school, and a theatre, and linen, cotton, and silk factories. It was a manufacturing centre as far back as 1422. In the Eleventh Century it was an inde- pendent republic. Population, in 1881 (com- mune), 13,000; in 1900, 14,312.