Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/679

* CHESTEB. 597 CHESTERFIELD. it is a famous market. It lias an inoroasing sliippinjr trailf. iinijortinii iiietal ores, timber, ete.. and exporting iron and its manufactures. Chester is the terminus of several railway lines, and the union railway station is one of the finest in Great Britain. About three and one-half miles from the eity is Eaton Hall, the magnijicent seat of the Duke of Westminster. Population, in 1891, 37.105: in 1901, 3U,-2S1. Chester -was the Deva of the Romans, the Brit- ish Caer Lleonvawr, and the Saxon Ix'ganeester or I.aegeeeaster. It was devastated by Klhelfrid, King of Xortliumbria. in (!07. after the massacre of 1200 monks of Bangor Yseoed, who had as- sembled to pray for the success of their com- patriots. In 828 it was taken by the Saxons, and in 894 by the Danes. Efhelred retook it in 901, and rebuilt the walls. From the Xonnan Con- quest to the time of Henry 111. the earls of Chester had their own courts and parliaments at Chester, with eight subfeudatories and the superiors of the great religious houses, Chester iH'jng then a count.v palatine. Henry III. made liis eldest son Earl of Chester, a title held since b.v the Prince of Wales. In 1128 the town re- ceived its first charter. After a long siege { 1643- 46) the Parliamentary forces took the city. Bibliography. Howson. ''Clicster Cathedral," in Cathedrals of Enqland (Philadelphia, 1895) : Freeman. '"Early History of Chester," in Arcliwo- logical .Journal. Vol. XLIII. (London, 1886) ; Lach-Szvrma, "The Rows of Chester;" Picton, "The Walls of Chester:" Smith, '^The Walls of Chester." in Archwological Journal, Vol. XLIV. (London, 1SS8). CHESTER. A town and port of enti-y on !Mahone Bay, Lunenburg Comity, Xova Scotia, Canada, 45 miles southwest of Halifax (Map: Xova Scotia, E 5). The town was founded by Xew Englanders in 1760, and has manufacturing and fishing industries. Population, 2000. The village of Chester Basin, five miles distant, pic- turesquely situated on a hill overlooking the bay, is a popular summer resort. CHESTER. A city and county-seat of Ran- dolph County. 111., on the ilississippi River, 75 miles below Saint Louis, and on the Illinois Southern and the Wabash, Chester and Western railroads (Map: Illinois, C 6). It has a puldic li- brarj-. The Southern Illinois Penitentiary and the Illinois Asylum for the Criminal Insane are sit- uated here. The city carries on a considerable trade, and h;is manufactures of flour, knit goods, foiindrv jiroduots, wagons, etc. Papulation, in 1890, 2708: in 1900, 2832. CHESTER. A city in Delaware County, Pa., 14 miles southwest of Philadeli)hia. on the Dela- ware River, and on the Baltimore and Ohio, the Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia and Reading railroads (ilap: Pennsylvania. F 4). It has a free library, two hospitals, and two parks, and is the seat of the Pennsylvania Military College and the Crozer Theological Seminary (Baptist). Of historic interest are the city hall, built in 1724. and the house of William Penii. Chester has large manufactories of cotton and woolen goods, dyestuffs, iron and steel, boilers and en- gines, lumber in various products, cigars, plaster, boards, ice, and many other articles; and is noted for its ship-building. The government of the city is carried on by a mayor, plwtcd for three years, ami a bicameral citv council. The c.vculive. with the concurrence of the council, appoints the health bo:ird. park commissioners, ixilicc. and commissioner of highways; the city solicitor, engineer, and lioard of revision of ta.xeg are electc<l by the council; other ollices are filled by popular election. Population, in 1880, 14,997; in 1890. 20,226; in 1900, 33,988. Chester, the oldest town in Pennsylvania, settled by Swedes iu 1044, was called Upland until 1682, when Penn arrived and gave it its present name. It was laid out in 1700. was in- corporated as a borough in 1701, and was ehar- teiv<I as a city in 181)6. The first Pennsyl- vania Assembly convened here in 1682. During the Revolution it was alternately occupied by the Britisli and the Americans, and after the battle of Brandywine, in 1777, Washington re-
 * issembled his troops here. Consult: Ashmead,

Historical Kkrtch of Chester (Chester, 1883). CHESTER. A city and county-seat of Chester County, S. C, 62 miles nortli by west of Colum- bia, on the Southern, the Seaboard Air Line, and other railroads (Map: South Carolina, C 2). It is in a fertile cotton-growing and general agri- cultural country, and has cotton-mills, cotton- gins, a cottonseed-oil mill, flour and lumber mills, iron and wood-working establishments, ete. Population, in 1890, 2703; in 1900, 4075. CHESTER, Colby Mitchell (1844—). An American naval officer. He was born in Con- necticut, graduated at the United States Mili- tary Academy in 1863. and in 1864 participated in the operations against Mobile. In 1881 he was appointed commander, and from 1881 to 1885 was hydrographic inspector of the coast sui-vey. From 1888 to 1889 he was a member of the commission for establishing a navy-yard on the Pacific Coast, from 1890 to 1894 "was com- mandant at Annapolis, and from 1897 to 1898 was commander of the South Atlantic Squadron. He was aiipointed captain in 1896. CHESTER, .JcSEPH Lemt-el (1821-82). An American antiquary. He was born in Xorwich, Conn., and until 1852 yas a merchant's clerk in Philadelphia. He was afterwards clerk in the House of Representatives and aide-de-camp to the Governor of Pennsylvania. After 1858 he resided in London, where he spent ten years in the compilation of an annotated abstract of the registers of Westminster Abliey (1876). This work was luiblished by the Harlcian Society, of which, in 189, he had been a founder. At the time of his deatli he was regarded as perhaps the most learned genealogist in England or America. He also edited Educational Laics of Virginia (1854); The Reiester Booke of Kaxjnte Dc'nis Backchnrch (1878) ; and other similar compila- tions. CHES'TERFIELD. A nuiniciiial borou-h and market town in Derbyshire. England, at the con- fluence of the Hipper and Rother. about 12 miles south of Shellicld (Map: England, E 3). There are manufactures of leather, silk, lace, earthenware, and machinery: and the minerals in the noighborliood. including coal. iron, pot- ters' and brick clay, slafc, and lead, are being greatly developed. Trade is facilitated by a canal connecting Chesterfield with the Trent, and by the main line of the Midland Railway. Owing to the rapid growth of its manufactures and the increase of its population, it has become a flourishing municipality. The gas and water