Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/640

* CHELMINSKI. 558 CHELSEA VILLAGE. "Review of the First Cavalry Brigade by Prince Luitpold of Bavaria" (1888). CHELMSFOBD, clieniz'ferd. The county- town of Essex, England, at the continence of the Chelnier and the Cam, 20 miles east-northeast of l.imdon (ilap: England. G 5). The town contains factories for making agricultural im- plements and electric appliances, iron-foundries, breweries, and grain-mills. Its chief trade is in agricultural produce. It has large and important corn and cattle markets. Population, in 1!)01, 12,00. Chelmsford belonged to the Bishop of London from Anglo-Sa.on limes to 154.5. It was a prosperous town under the Edwards. CHELMSFORD, Fbedehick Augustus The- SIGEH, second Baron ( 1.S27 — ). A British general. He was educated at Eton, and entered the army at the age of seventeen. He served before Sebas- topol and in the Indian Mutiny; was adjutant- general in the Abyssinian campaign of 1807-08: and commanded the forces in the Kaffir and Zulu wars of 1878 and 187!). He reached the rank of general in 1888, and retired in 1893. CHELONIA, ke-lo'ni-a (Neo-Lat. nom. pi., from tik. x'^"''/i t/ic/onc tortoise), or Testu- DIN.TA (Neo-Lat. nom. pi., from testudo, tor- toise). An order of reptiles, having the body protected above and below by bony expansions forming sliields usually covered with horny plates. It is the least variable of the reptilian group, and comprises the turtles, tortoises, ter- rapins, carets, etc. See Tortoise and Turtle, im<ier which heads a description of fossil forms will also be found. CHELSEA, chc-rse (AS. Celchyp, Chalkport, from i< /<■, chalk + hyp, port) . Formerly a subur- ban village of London, England, on the north bank of the Thames, four and one-half miles southwest of Saint Paul's, and now a metropoli- tan and Parliamentary borough of Greater Lon- don (q.v. ). From the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century it was a place of aristocratic habitation, and is "now the chief literary and artistic residen- tial section of London. During the Nineteenth Century George Eliot, Rossetti, and Carlyle, 'the Sage of Chelsea.' were residents. The celebrated Eanelagh and Cremornc Gardens were situated here. Bridges connect Chelsea with Battersea, on the south bank of the river. Its features of note are the Chelsea Hospital for Supcraniuiatcd and Invalid Soldiers, founded by Cliarles II. in 1G82; the Royal Asylum for Soldiers' Children; mili- tari' barracks"; the old Church of Saint Luke's, built in 1.307-27, and one of the most interesting of metropolitan parish churches; the Sloane Botanic Gardens; the London Water-works of 1772, and the 'I'.nibankment,' a favorite riverside promenade. Chelsea porcelain has been famous since the Eighteenth Ceiiturv. Population of borough, in ISill. 72.954; in 1901, 7.3,85(5. Con- sult :" Martin. Old Chelaca (London, 1888); Beaver, Memorials of Old Chelsea (London, 1890). CHELSEA. A city in Suffolk County, Mass., and a suburb of Boston, from which it is distant 2 miles, on the Boston and Maine Railroad (Map: Massachusetts, E 3). It is connected with Charlestown by a bridge across the Mystic River, and with Boston by ferry and steam and electric railroads. The principal public Imildings are the court-house, city hall, the United Slates naval and marine hospitjils, soldiers' home, Fitz Public Library, and Odd Fellows' and Masonic halls. The city contains also Union Park and public playgrounds, and a soldiers' monunu'iit. Though Clielsea is principally a residential place, it has manufactures of rubber goods, woolens, foundry and nuichine-shop products, shoes, brass goods, stoves and furnaces, tiles, pottery, etc. The city owns and oi)erates its waterworks. The government is conducted under a charter of 1894. revised 1899. which (jrovides for a mayor, elected annually, and a board of aldermen, the majority of whom are elected at large for two years, the remaining members being chosen an- nually, one from each city ward. The board of aldermen elects the city clerk, treasurer, solicitor, auditor, assessors, messenger, clerk of committees, and commissioners of sinking fund, and, upon nomination of the executive, all other municipal officials. The mayor's clerk alone is appointed by the mayor. The annual income of the city is about .$425,000; the principal expen- ditures are: $35,000 for the police department, g-'30,000 for the fire department, and .$120,000 for schools. Population, in 1890, 27,909: in 1900, 34,072. First settled in 1626 as Winnisimmet, Chelsea was part of Boston from 1C34 to 1638, when it was incorporated as a town under its i)resent name. Here, in May, 1775, occurred a sharp skirmish between a body of British troops and a thousand Americans uiider Stark and Putnam, the latter being victorious. Chelsea was incor- porated as a city in 1857. Out of parts of Chelsea the present towns of Winthrop and Revere were created. Consult Winsor, Memo- rial Histort/ of Boston (4 vols., Boston, 1880-81). CHELSEA. A to«ii and county-seat of Orange County. VI.. 21 miles south by east of the Slate capital. Montpelier (Map: Vermont, E 0). It has manufactures of lumber and dairy products. Population, in 1890, 1230; in 1900, 1070. CHELSEA CHINA. Chinaware nuide in Chelsea. England, between 1745 and 1784. Its leading marks ;uc an anchor and triangle. CHELSEA HOSPITAL. An asylum in Chel- sea, England, for disabled and superannuated soldiers. It was founded by Charles 11., who built the present building in 1 082-92, on the site of the College for Religious Controvcr.sy (Prot- estant) founded by Janies I. in 1609. Originally one day's pay ])er year :ind two in leap-year were deducted from the pay of soldiers in ser- vice in order to defray the hospital expenses. This deduction, however, has long since ceased, and the asylum is maintained by Parliamentary grant and governed by a board of conmiissioners ajipointed tiy the Crown, who are charged also with the duty of awarding all pensions granted by the British Government. The initial plan of giving all pensioners accommodation in the asyhnu has been necessarily abandoned, and, with the exception of about 500 or 600, in- valided soldiers are now out-pensioners. The appropriations for ont-ix?nsioners in the year 1899-1900 was. in round numbers, £1,300,000, aa against X33.000 for in-pensioners. CHELSEA VILLAGE. A former village, now a part of New York. In the early part of the Nineteenth Century it formed the farm of Clement C. Moore, author of "'Twas the Night Before Christmas." who. when on the point of abandoning it on the ground of its distance from