Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/628

* CHAUMONOT. 546 CHATJS. the age of ten he ran off, with a companion, to study music at Bcauue, ]5urgundy, uniltr the Fathers of the Oratory; but, having stolen 100 sols (about a dollar) from his uncK', and dread- ing to be disgraced tlierefor at his home, he made a pilgrimage to Rome, where he fell inider the inlluence of the Jesuits, and in l(>:iO went to Canada as a missionary to the Indians. Soon after arriving at Quebec, he left for work among the Hurons, and for a year was stationed at Os- sossane. For some time he busied himself gath- ering information for a dictionary of the Huron language and dialects, and in l.)40 accompanied BrObeuf (q.v.) on a mission to the Xeutral Na- tion, a tribe which then lived west of the Iro- quois, between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. This mission proving unsuccessful, he went to Saint Michael, where he remained until 1048, when the Iroquois destroyed this settlement, to- gether with nearly all the others in this vicinity, and almost e.xterminated the Hurons. Chau- monot accompanied the survivors first to Saint Joseph's Island, in Lake Huron, and afterwards to the island of Orleans, where he was able to complete the work on his dictionary and ])repare a grammar besides. Fnnn 1655 to 1G58 he worked among the Iroquois at Onondaga, and then spent some time in Jtontreal, where, in 1663. he founded the Society of the Holy Family. He finally returned to the Hurons, among whom he remained until his death. His life was full of hardship, persecution, and suflfering, and, like that of the other Jesuit missionaries of the time, was remarkable for its self-abnegation and un- obtrusive heroism. Chaumonot left a curious autobiography, ^'if■ dc P. M. ■/. Chauiiioiiot. fcrite par liii-mCme (1688), the original of which is in the Hotel-Dieu, Quebec. It was published by Shea, in New York, in 1858. A continuation (to 1693), Suite de la vie de P. M. J. Chau- monot par tin pi-re de la compagnie (probably Kale), was also published in New York in the same year. CHAUMONT, sh6'moN' (Fr., bald hill). The capital of the Department of Haute- JIarne, France, situated on an elevation between the rivers Marne and Suize, about 140 miles south- east of Paris (Map: France, M 3). The railway viaduct across the Suize is a remarkable struc- ture, 1960 feet long with 50 arches. The city is well built, with clean, spacious streets, and fine promenades around the upper part of the town. The Church of Saint Jean exhibits fine examples of Flamboyant Gothic. of Hcnaissance. and transi- tional architecture of the Thirteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth centuries, and contains some good paintings and sculptures. Among the town's monuments is a bronze statue of Philippe Le Bon, a native and the pioneer of gas-lighting in France. There are considerable manufactures, including wax candles, hosiery, cotton, yarn, kid gloves, etc. There is also a brisk trade in grain, ironware, and coal. The town traces its origin to a banmial castle erected in 940. At Chaumont on March 1. 1814. the allied powers formiilatcd a plan for the reconstruction of western Kurope, and bound themselves by treaty not to lay down arms till France had been reduced to its ancient boundaries. Population, 1901, of town. 11.697; of eomnume. 14.622. CHAtTNA, chou'nA. A bird. See Screamkr. CHAUNCEY, chiln'si or chfln'si, Isaac (UIZ- 1840). An American naval othcer. He was uom in Black Rock, ("onn., and at an early age began a seafaring life in the mercantile service, in which he was conspicuous for enterprise and energy. In 1799 be entered the newly organized navy as a lieutenant, and in 1802 he was made acting captain, commanding the VhcsupeaKc, the flagship of the s(piadron sent against 'rri]ioli. Throughout the War of 1812 he had command on the Great Lakejs. In 1813 he participated in (he capture of York (now Tonmto) and of Fort (Jeorge. thus helping to drive the enemy from the whole of the Niagara region, and on October 5 he captured five British vessels and a regiment of troops. At the close of the war he was placed in command of the Brooklyn Navy Yard, and in 1815 commanded the .Mediterranean squadron, and, with William Shaler. consul, negotiated the treaty of peace Avith Algiers. CHAUNCT, or CHATTNCEY, Cii.ri.es ( 1592-l(i72). An American clergyman and edu- cator, the second president of Ilarvard College. He was bom at Yardley, England : graduated, in 1613. at Trinity College, Cambridge, of which he was for some time a fellow, and for several years was professor of Greek there. He was vicar of Yarc from 1027 to lti33, and of Marston Saint Lawrence. Northamptonshire, from 1033 to 1637, and in both jiastorates came into fre- (|ucnt conflict with the ecclesiastical authorities. He was first called to account for his opposition to the Hool: <if S/xirts, and for his presumption in substituting catechetical exercises for the prohibited afternoon sermon, and in 1629 he was brought before the Court of High Conunission for having said that "idolatry was admitted into the Church," and that "there is much athe- ism, jjopcry. Arniinianism, and heresy crept into the Church." In Hi35 he was again brouglit be- fore tlie court, this time for objecting to a rail around the connnuninn table, and to the act of kneeling at the communion senicc, and after trial publicly recanted. In 1638 he emigrated to America, and for three years preached in Plymouth; but in 1641 he became the pastor at Scituate. where, says Mather, "he remained for three and three times three years, cultivating the vineyard of the Lord." In 1654 he planned to return to his old jjastorate at Ware; but the overseers of llarvaid had meantime chosen him to succeed President Dunster, and "by their ve- hement importunity" induced him to remain. From this time until his death he was president of the college. Besides a number of sermons, he published: The Doctrine of the Sarnnnciit. uith the Rioht Vsc Thereof (1642) ; The Plain Dor- trine of the Jiisti/ieulion of n Sinner in the Sif/ht of flod (1059), a collection of twenty-six ser- mons; and Antisiinodnlia Seriiitn Americana (1662). Consult: The interesting sketch in Cot- ton Mather, Magnalia (London, 1702). and Fowler, Mcmorialx of the Channeeys (Boston, 1858). CHAUNTER, cliantVr (OF. chanliir. It. riintalore. Lat. eantntor. singer, from rantarr, frequentative of <ancre, to sing). The highest pipe of the bagpipe (q.v.), on which the chaunt or melody is played. CHAUS, ka'us (NeoLat.. from the native namet. The Indian jungle-cat (q.v.).