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CHASE. versed by a slightly reorganized court. He also wrote the opinion in the case of Texas vs. White, in which the nature of the Union and the effect thereon of the Civil War were clearly expound- ed, the nation being characterized as "an in- destructible Union composed of indestructible States." As Chief Justice, Chase presided over the impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson. He became separated from the Re- publican Party, and was in 1808 a candidate for the Democratic nomination for the Presidency, while his willingness to secure the same nomina- tion in 1872 emphasized the weakness of his posi- tion. There is no doubt that as early as 1804 be had set his heart upon a Presidential nomination, and that he had to some extent intrigued against Lincoln, even while sitting in his Cabinet. In 1870 he was stricken with paralysis, from the effects of which he died. May 7, 1873, in New York. For his biography, consult: Warden (Cincinnati, 1874), a work undertaken at Chase's own request; Schuckers (New York, 1874) : and for the most recent and authoritative "Life," Hart (Boston, 1899), in the "American States- men Series."

CHASE, Samuel (1741-1811). An American jurist, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. He was born in Somerset County, lid., studied law in Annapolis, was admitted to the bar in 1701 : soon attained a considerable practice; and became prominent in colonial pol- itics. He served for more than twenty years in the General Assembly of Maryland; was promi- nent as one of the 'Sons of Liberty' during the Stamp .ct excitement: was one of the framers of the 'Declaration of Rights of Maryland;' and from 1774 to 1778 was a member of the Continen- tal Congress. In 1773 he was associated with Franklin and Carroll in an unsuccessful mission to secure the good will of Canada, and soon after his return advocated and signed the Declaration of Independence. As agent for the State of ^Maryland, he went to England in 1783 to recover the value of stock held by it in the Bank of Eng- land before the outbreak of the war. and after remaining a year succeeded in obtaining about $050,000. In 1788 he was a member of the con- vention which ratified the Federal Constitution for Maryland, but was himself, along with Luther Martin, opposed to that document. He was appointed .ludgc of the General Court of Mary- land in 1791, and .ludge of the Criminal Court for Baltimore Covmty in 1793, and in 1796 be- came, by Washington's appointment, an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court. He presided over the trials of Thomas Cooper. John Fries, and Thomas Callender in 1800. and con- ducted the two latter with such asperity and apparent favoritism that the counsel for the de- fendants indignantly withdrew. As a judge, lluingb frequently presiding with finnness and ability, he was unable to suppress or conceal his decided political predilections, and on various occasions, notably in Baltimore on May 2, 1803, delivered what his political opponents regarded as partisan harangues to the grand jury. This harangue in Baltimore attracted the notice of jirominent Democrats, who were then engaged in a general movement to diijiinisb the influence of the judiciary, and. on John Randolph's motion, the House of Representatives pa-sse<l a resolu- tion of impeachment in 1804. In the following year the trial was conducted with much cere- mony before the Senate, Chase being represented by Luther Martin, R. G. Harper, Charles Lee, P. B. Key, and .Joseph llo|)kinson, and the prose- cution by John Kandoli)b, G. W. Campbell, Joseph Nicholson, C. A. Rodney, John Boyle, Peter Early, and Christopher Clark. By the latter, eight articles were exhibited, two setting forth Chase's oppressive treatment of Fries, two more charging similar treatment of Callender, two others charging an infringement of the laws of Virginia in the Callender case, one relating to alleged unbecoming and unfair conduct before a Delaware grand jury, and the last calling Cliase to account for his harangue before the Baltimore grand jury. Chase was finally acquitted on all but two charges — partisanship in the Callender trial and 'electioneering' before the Baltimore grand jury — and no article received the two- thirds vote requisite for impeachment. This de- cision has been regarded as of considerable sig- nificance in the history of the American judici- ary, serving as it did to discountenance im- peachment trials unless based on really serious grounds, and at the same time warning judges to suppress all manifestations of partisanship on the bench. After the trial, luitil his death. Chase continued to serve as a member of the Supreme Court. Consult an article "The Im- peachment Trial of .Judge Samuel Chase" in the Ainericun Law I'riicw, Xo]. XXXlll. (Saint Louis. 1889), and Smith and Lloyd (reporters). The Trial of Savitiel Chase (Washington, 1805).

CHASE', (1827-92). An American educator, born in Worcester. Mass. He gradu- ated in 1848 at Harvard ITniversity, studied at the University of. Berlin and the College de France, and was professor of Greek and T-atin at Haverford College in 1855-75. From 1875 to 1880 he was president of Haverford. He was a member of the American committee for the re- vision of the New Testament, and a delegate to the Stockholm Philological Congress of 1889. He published Hellas: Her Monuments and Scenery (1863), a Latin Grammar (1882), and editions (1881) of Cicero on Immortaliti/ (1868). The .T:nei(l (1869), Horace (1872), Four Books of Liiy, and (1876) Juvenal and Persius.

CHASE, William Merritt (1849—). An American painter. He was born in Franklin, Ind., November 1, 1849. After studying un- der R. F. Hays, in Indianapolis, and in the schools of the National Academy of Design, he painted with Piloty and Wagner at Munich (1872), acquiring a thoroughly German method, which at that time was bituminous an<l dark. On his return to New York (1878) he l)egan to change his style of painting, gradually clarifying his color and sliowing an appreciation for the work of the French school. One of the most facile and brilliant technicians of the American school. Chase succeeils equally well with figure, ])ortrait. and still life. He himself considers his l)Cst work to te still life, of which remarkable examples are one in the Pennsylvania .cademy and an "English Cod" lately exhibited. Other well-known works are "A Uroken Jug." "Ready for a Ride" (1878. Union League Club. New York), ".liee" (Art Institute. Chicago), and a "Lady in Black" ( Mctropolilan Museum, New York). He has received many medals, is a Na- tional ,cademician, and has been president of the Society of American Arti.sts.