Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/612

CHARTRES. MSS., a museum, and a botanical garden. Popu- lation, in 1001. of to«Ti, 10,2.'i2: of commune, 23,431. Chartres, founded by the C'aiiuilcs and the seat of the College of Druids, is one of the most ancient cities of Fiance. In medi;rval times it was the capital of the fertile Province of Beauce, and on several occasions was besieged by Xormans and Burgiuidians. Francis I. conferred upon it the dignity of a duchy, and the title since lOGl lias been connected with the Orleans family. Chartres sull'ercd during the religious wars, was captured l>v llenrv IV. in lo'Jl. and witnessed his coronation in 1.")I14. In 1870 it was occupied by the Germans, and formed their base of operations against the Army of the Loire. Consult: Doyen, Hixtoire de' Chartres (2 vols., Chartres, 1786); Duval. La cathidrale de Char- tres (Paris, 1867): .Joanne, Chartres (Paris, 1887).

CHARTRES, RoiiERT Piiiuppe Louis Eu- GK.NE Kekdixam) d'Orl^axs, Duke of (1840 — ). A French sohlier, the second son of the Duke of Orleans (died 1842), and the grandson of Louis Philippe. He was born in Paris, but when only eight years of age was driven into exile by the Kevohition of 1848, and subsequently lived in (iermany and England until 1858. when he en- tered the military school in Turin. Italy. In • 1S.")!I he served in the campaign against Austria, and in 1861 came to America with his elder brother Louis. Count of Paris (q.v.), entered the Federal Army, and served on Geneial ilcClcl- lan's staff during the Peninsular campaign. He returned to Kngland in 1803 and ihere, in the following year, married his cousin, the eldest daughter (if the Prince de .Joinville. .fter the l{evoIution of September 4. 1870, in France, he served in General Chanzy's army under the pseu- don n of 'Robert le Fort,' and before the close of the war had risen successively to the ranks of captain and chief of squadron. He became eliief of squadron in the Chasseurs d'Afrique, under his own name, in 1870, served in Algeria, and was appointed colonel of chasseurs in 1878, but in 1883 was suspeniled from the active service. Three years later his name was stricken from the army list in pursuance of the law of that year which excluded members of royal fam- ilies from serving in the army or the na-y. He published liouvenirs de voyages (1869).

CHARTREUSE, shiir'trez'. A famous li- queur (q.v.), so called from the fact that it is made at the celebrated Carthusian monastery. La Grande Cliartreuse, near Grenoble. Three quali- ties are made, green, yellow, and white, the green being the richest and most delicate in llavor. Cluirtreuse is said to be a most complex product, resulting from the maceration and dis- tilhilion of balm leaves and tops as a principal ingredient, with orange-peel, dried hyssop-tops, ]ieppermint, wormwood, angelica seed and root, cinnamon, mace, cloves, Tonquin beans. Calamus aromaticus, and cardamoms.

CHARTREUSE, La Grande. A celebrated monastery in France, near Grenoble, in the wild and romantic valley of the Guicrs. 3205 feet above the sea. It owes its origin to Saint Brino, the founder of the Carthusian Order (close of Eleventh Century), which took its name from a neighboring hamlet. The present con- vent is a huge structure of no architectural beauty, dating mostly from 1656, earlier build- ings having been destroyed several times by fire. The whole neighborhood at one time belonged to tlc monks, hut they were despoiled by the Revolution. .t Fourvoirie, about four miles down the vaHey. they manufacture the celebrated liqueur which takes its name from the monastery. See Pkuxo, Saint; Carthusians: and consult Dubois, La grandc Chartreuse (Grenoble, 1840).

CHARTREUSE DE PARME, dr piirni. La. The title of a French novel (K'^-'^^l, l)y Stendhal (Henri Beyle), i)resenting an admiral>le picture of life at one of the petty courts of Italy after the downfall of Xajioleon.

CHARTULARY, kiir'ta-la-ri (Lat. char- lularia, from charia, a paper). A collection of charters. So soon as any body, ecclesiastical or secular, came to be possessed of a considerable number of charters, obvious considerations of convenience and safety would suggest the ad- vantage of having them classified and copied into a book or roll. Such book or roll has generally received the name of a ehartulary. ilabillon traces chartularies in Franco as far back as the Tentli Century, and some antiquarians think that diartularies were compiled even still earlier. But it was not until the Twelflli and Tliirtcenth cen- turies that eliartularies became common. They were kept not only by all kinds of religious and civil corporations, but even by private families. Many of tlicm have been printed. The name 'ehartulary' was also applied in western Europe to a registrar or keeper of records, who was known as 'chartophyla.K' in the Eastern Church and Empire.

CHARYBDIS, ka-rib'dis. See Scylla and CuAKvnois.

CHARYLLIS, ka-ril'Iis. A character in S])cnscr's Colin Clout's Come Borne Af/ain, meant to represent Lady Ann Conipton, daughter of Sir John Spenser of Althorpe.

CHASE, George (1849—). An American legal writ IT. He was born in Portland, Maine, graduated at Yale in 1870, and at the Columbia Law School in 1873. He liecame assistant pro- fessor of inunici|)al law at Columbia in 1875. and in 1878 professor of criminal law, torts, and ju'ocedure. In 1891 he Ijecanie dean of the Xew York Law School. He has edited Chase's Black- stone's Commentaries (1876); Stephens's Digest of the Law of Lvidcnee (1886); and Johnson's Keiidy Legal Adviser (1881).

CHASE, Philander ( 177.")-1852). A Prot- estant I'.piscopal bishop and educator. He was Ijoin in Ciunish, X. IT., graduated at Dartmouth in 1795. and was ordained a deacon of the Pro- testant Episcopal Church in 1798. He lal>ored as a missionary in western Xew York, and in 1811 became rector of Christ's Church, Hartford. Conn. In 1817 he went to Oliio. where two years later he laid the foundation of Kcnyon College and Ganiliier Theological Seminary, of which he was first president. In 1835 he became Bishop of Illinois, where he was instrumental in founding Jubilee College, at Robin's Xest. Among his works are: A Plea for the West (1826); The f^tar in the West, or Kenyan College (1828); lirm in iseences (1848).

CHASE, Pliny E.vrle (1820-86). An American scientist. He was born in Worcester, Mass., and educated at Harvard I'nivcrsity, graduating