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* CHAPEL HILL. 493 CHAPLEAU. charter of ISHO, which provides for a mayor, tlcctcd aniiuallv. ami a council. Population, in 1800. 1017: in "l 000. 1000. CHAPELLE, slia-pfl'. Pucide Loris (1842 — I. An American prelate, born in t)ie diocese of Mende. France. He studied theoloj.'j- and phi- losopliy at Saint Mary's College. Baltimore, ild., was an instructor in Saint Charles's College in 1803-05. and was ordained priest in ISO"). In 1870 he became assistant pastor of Saint John's Church, Baltimore, of which he was later pastor, and in 1882 pastor of Saint Matthew's, Washington, D. C. He was in 1801 appointed coadjutor bishop to .rchbishop Salpointc. of Santa Fe. whom in 1804 he succeeded. In 1807 he was appointed Archbishop of New Orleans, in 1808 apostolic delegate in Cuba and Porto Rico, anil in 1800 a))Ostolic delegate in the Philippine Islands. CHAPELLE ABDENTE, shu'pel' iir'diiNt' (Fr.. glowing chapel). A room or mortuary chapel wherein the dead body of a person of high rank, whether ecclesiastical or civil, is laid. The hangings are in black, and burning candles illuminate the scene until the final removal for burial. The custom is of gieat antiquity in the Catholic Church. CHAPEL ROYAL i Fr. chapelle royale). In the Church of England a chapel royal is com- posed of two deans la dean and a subdean), forty- eight royal chaplains, ten priests, and a lay choir, ^tyled "gentlemen of the chajjcl,' a clerk and sev- eral deputy clerks of the closet, and an organist. The senices are performed in London in the small oratory in Saint .James's Palace. In Scotland the appointments to the Chapel Royal are purely honorarv", involving no services and carrying with them no compensation, though formerly it v.as attached to the palace at Holyrood and cor- responded with the similar establishment in Eng- land. CHA'PIN, Edwix Hi-BBEix (1814-80). . American Universalist clergyman. He was bom in Washington County, X. Y., received a second- ary school education, and in 1837 began preach- ing in Richmond, Va., to a congregation of Uni- tarians and I'nivcrsalists. In 1840 he went to Massachusetts, and two years later to Xew York, where he became pastor of the Fourth Universal- ist Church, which later became the Church of the Divine Paternity, one of the wealthiest churches in that city, and remained until liis death. In 1872 he succeeded Dr. Emerson as editor of the Christian Leader, the principal Uni- versalist paper. Besides his regular sennons, he delivered a great number of lectures, and pub- lished'several volumes, among which are: Duties of Young Men (1835) : Duties of Young Women; Characters in the Gospels (18.52); Hours of Communion (1844): Discourses on the Lord's Prayer (1850): The Cronn of Thorns (1800); Discourses on the Beatitudes (18.53) ; Moral As- pects of City Life (1853) ; and True Manliness ( 1 854 ) . CHAPLAIN (AS. capeUanc, OF., Fr. chape- lain. Mid. I.at. rapellanus, chaplain, from capella, chapel ). Originally the title of the ecclesiastic who accompanied an army and carried the relies of the patron saint. I See Chapel). It has now come tif> signify a clerg^Tnan not having charge of a parish, but employed to officiate at court, in the hoischold of a nobleman, or in an army, gar- rison, ship, etc. Such officials began early to l>e appointed in the palace of the Byzantine em- peroi-s. The |>ractice afterwards extended to the Western Empire, and to the courts of petty princes and even of knights, and continued to subsist after the Reformation. Forty-eight clergy-men of the Church of England hold office as chaplains of the sovereign, four of whom are in attendance each month. Six clergymen of the Church of Scotland have a similar title in Scot- land : but their only duty is to conduct prayer at the elections of Scotch representative peers. A statute of Henry VITI. limits the right of nominating private chaplains in England; thus, an archbishop may have eight, a duke six, a baron three: and chaplains so appointed have certain privileges, and may hold two benefices with cure of souls. CHAPLAIN. A military clcrgj-man, having the rank and .status of a non-combatant offi- cer. In the United States Army, chaplains are appointed by the President and assigned or trans- ferred by the Secretary of War. Usually they are attached to the various army posts of the de- partments, under the department commander, who is authorized to recommend to the Secretary of Var such transfer of the chaplains in his com- mand a.s may be deemed for the best interests of the service. By act of Congress, approved Feb- ruary 2, 1001. it is provided that the establish- ment of chaplains shall consist of 57 men, ap- jiortioned as follows : One to each regiment of cavalry and 45 to the infantry and 12 to the artil- lery corps. They receive the rank and pay of a captain of infantrv', are chosen from all reli- gious denominations, and must not have passed the age of 40 on date of appointment. Chap- lains are required to render to the adjutant-gen- era! of the army monthly reports of duties per- formed, and keep a record of all marriage, bap- tismal, and funeral senices performed by them. In time of war, or on active senice. chaplains are assigned to the various imits of command. In the United States Xavy there are 24 chap- lains, who perform religious duties on board naval vessels: 4 with the rank of captain. 7 with the rank of connnander. and 13 with the rank of lieutenant. The pay of a chaplain during the first five years after date of his commission is $2500 per annimi while at sea, .'?2000 when on shore duty, and .$1000 when on leave or await- ing orders: the corresponding rates of pav stfter live years are .•?2S00, .$2300, and $1000. Chaplains are a part of the establishment of all European armies, attendance at the regvila- lion religious services conducted by them being compulsory for all officers and men. except in the French Army and Xavy. In the British Army the Chaplain's Department is under the control of the chaiduin-general. CHAPLEAU, sha'plo', Sir Joseph Adolpiie (1840-08). A Canadian politician. He was born ' at Sainte ThC'rCse de lilainville. Quebec, was edu- cated at the colleges of Terrebonne and Saint Hyacinthe, and in 1801 was called to the bar. He sat in the Quebec Legislature for Terrebonne, and was at dilTerent times Solicitor-General, Pro- vincial Secretary, Provincial Premier, and Minis- ter of Agriculture and Public Works in the C.overnment of Quelx-c. In 1882 he entered the Cabinet of Canada as Secretary of State, under Sir .John Maedonald. This office he held until 1802, when he was appointed Minister of Cus-