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* CHAMPLAIN. 479 CHAMPNEYS. successfully attacked the great Seneca fortress, located probably near tbe eastern end of Oneida Lake in New York. This was the last of his expeditions eitlier for war or for exploration, and he passed the rest of his life for the most I)art in Quebec and in Paris, in lUlS) he pub- lished a third volume, ]'oi/ayes et dccoii incites fuites en la Soiiielte France, deptiis I'aniiee 1615 j.istjues A la fin de Vannee KilS; and in 1(532 he issued his last work. Les roi/afies dc la Xoti- velle France oecidenlule. dicte Canada, faites par le Siciir dc Champlain Xainctongeois . . . et toules les deeoinertes qu'il a faites en ce pais depitis I'an KiO.i jasgues en I'an lllJ!), which is in part an abridgment of his three previous works relating to Canada. In July, 1029. he was forced to surrender (Quebec to an English fleet under David Kirke, and. after being detained for some lime as a prisoner in England, he went to France, whence, in 10.)3, he again came to Quebec (New France having been restored by England in tlie previous year), and there on Christmas Day, 1G35, he died. Bold and intrepid, far-seeing and resourceful, tactful in his dealings with his white subordi- nates and his red allies, born to command, and thoroughly imbued with the spirit of adventure and discovery, he was the real founder of French power in America, and richly earned his title, 'The Father of Xew France.' '"Of the pioneers of the Xorth American forests," says Parkman, "his name stands foremost on the list. It was he who struck the deepest and boldest strokes into the heart of tlieir pristine barbarism. . . . His character belonged partly to the past, partly to the present. The preux chevalier, the crusaiier. the romance-loving explorer, the curious knowledge-seeking traveler, the practical navigator, all found their share in him. . . . His books mark the man — all for his theme and purpose, nothing for himself. Crude in style, full of the superficial errors of carelessness and haste, rarely diffuse, often brief to a fault, they bear on every page the palpable impress of truth." In 1870 a complete edition of Cham- plain's works was issued under the editorship of Uaverdifre and Casgrain, as CEurres de Cham- plain, puhliees sous le patronage de I'Vniversite Laral (6 vols.. Quebec, 1870), and an English translation of the Voyages was published by the Prince Societ. , under the title. Voyages of Hamuel de Champlain, Translated from the French by Charles P, Otis, with Historical Illus- Irationn and Memoir by Rev. E, F. Slafter (3 vols., Boston, 1878-82). For sketches of Cham- plain, consult: Parkman. Pioneers of France in the Xew n'orld (Boston, 186.5) : Winsor, yarra- lire and Critical Histon/ of .imerica. Vol. IV. (8 vols., Boston, 1886-89); Winsor, Cartier to Frontenac (Boston, 1804): and an excellent, though brief, biography by Sedgwick in the "Hivcr-iide P.ingraphical Series" (Boston, 1902). CHAMP LEVE, shiix' le-vft'. See E.vamel. CHAMPLIN, champ'lln, .J..me.s Tift (1811- 82). .ii. ierioan educator. He was born in Colchester, Conn., graduated at Brown Univer- sity in 1834, and entered the Baptist ministry. He W.1S professor of ancient languages in Water- ville College (now Colby University) from 1841 to 18.57, and was president from 18.57 to 1872. He published a number of college textbooks, in- cluding a TextBook of Intellectual Philosophy (1800) : First Principles of Ethics (1861) ; and a T'ct-liooh- of I'olilical Economy (1868). CHAMPLIN, ..lonx Dexison (1834—). An -Xmerican writer. He was born in Stonington, Conn., graduated at Vale in 18.56, studied law in Litchliehi, Conn., and was admitted to the bar in 18.5'.). In IS62 he began newspaper work, and from 1865 to 186!) was editor of the Eitclifield •Sentinel. He edited Fox's .Mission to Russia (1873), was one of the corps of editors of .Appleton's .inerican Cyclopwdia (1873-77), and was one of the editors of the Standard Dictionary (1802-i)4). He also edited Young Folks' Cyclo- pa'dia of Common Things (187!)) : Young Folks' Cyclojiwdia of Persons and Places (I8S0) ; Young Folks' Cyclopwdia of Literature and Art (1901) ; and with Arthur E. Bostwick, Young Folks' Cyclopwdia of (James and Sports (New York, 1890), and was joint editor with C, C. Perkins of a Cyclopwdia of Painters and Paintings (4 vols.. New York, 1881-87), and with W. F. An- thorp. of a Ciiclfifwdia of Music and Musicians (3 vols.. New York. 1881-91). CHAMPMESLE, shaN'mS'Ia'. iURiE Des- llAHEs (1041-981. A celebrated French actress, born in Rouen, and married in 1667 to Charles Chevillet de Cliampmcsle. who was an important comedian and playwright of his day. She had already begun her career in the provinces when she came with her husband in 1669 to the Thejltre du Marais in Paris. Her great reputation seems to have started with her acting of Hermione in Andromaque at the H6tel de Bourgogne the fol- lowing year. Kacine was notoriously captivated by her charms, and the public appreciation of lier acting was almost as enthusiastic. She and her luisband went over in a few years- to the Theatre Grenegaud, and in 1680 at the union of the companies they became members of the new Comedie Francaise. During her brilliant career 'La Champmesle' created a large number of the famous roles, among them Berenice, Ariane, Ph?dre, Venus in Les amours de Venus et d'Adonis. Atalide in liajazet, ilonime in Mith- ridate, Iphigenie in Iphigcnie en .{nlidc, and the same cliaracter in Oreste et Pylade. She left the stage, in the vain attempt to restore her health at Auteuil. where slie died. CHAMPNEY, chiimp'ni, Benjamin (1S17 — ). An American painter, bom at New Ipswich, N. H. He studied in Boston and Paris, and several times exhibited at the Salon. His best works are paintings of White Mountain scenery. He has written Sixty Years' Memories of Art and A vlists. CHAMPNEY. James Wells ( 184.S- 1903). An American artist, born in Boston. He first stud- ied wood-engraving, then was a pupil of the -Vntwerp Academy, and afterwards of Edotiard Frfere at Ecoucn, France. His works include genre subjects and many excellent portraits in pastel. His wife, Elizabeth Williams Ciiamp- ney (18.50—). is the author of the "Witch Win- nie Books," the series of "Vassar Girls .Vbroad," and Romance of the Feudal Chateaux (1900). CHAMPNEYS, chfimp'niz, Basil (1842—). An ICiiglisli arcliitcct and author. He graduated at Trinity College and studied architecture as a pupil of .John Pritchard of London. He built the divinity and literary schools at Newnhani, the .rclia>ol<)gical Museum at Cambridge. Indian Institute (New College), Mansfield College (Ox-