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* CAYLUS. 386 CAZALES. East, making collections ot' antiquities on which he published several learned works in French and l.atih. He was a patron of art. and especially of engraving, which he himself practiced. In this field he wrote Xoulluux stijils dc peinturc ct de sculiiliire (1755), and Tabhuux tiris dc I'lliade, de I'Odi/ssce el de I'L'iuide (1"5")- He also wrote fiction, which has the kindly humor and attractive simplicity that characterized his own personality. Consult Rocheblave, £ssai sur ie comic de Cayliis (Paris, ISOO). CAYLUS, Makie Marguerite Le Valois de ViLLtTTE DE ^IiiiCAY, !Marquise de (1073-1729). A French Court lady and author at the time of Louis XIV., mother of the preceding. She was a descendant of the family of D'Aubigne, but was converted by her aunt. Madame Maintcnon, to the Roman Catliolic faith. Slie acquired celebrity as one of the leailers of Court society. Racine so admired lier abilities that he wrote the prologue to his tragedy of Ksllter as a compliment to her. Voltaire edited her Souvenirs (1770), which abound in interesting anecdotes about the Court of Louis XIV. CAYMAN, ka'nuin, or CAIMAN (Sp. cai- man, from the Caribbean name). A native name applied loosely to various alligators, especially the South American, also called jacares. Some systematists put Allifialor pulpebromis and Alli- galor trigonalits into the genus Cayman, on ac- count of the three thick bony plates which make their eye-orbits stand out prominently, so that the former is called the eyebrowed cayman. Their habits arc substantially the same as those of the common alligator (q.v.). CAYMANS. A group of tliree low islets in the est Indies from 130 to 100 miles northwest of Jamaica, of which they are an administra- tive dei)endencv (Map: Cuba, D 7). It con- sists of Grand Cayman (17 miles long and 4 to 7 miles broad). Little Cayman, and Cayman Brae, with a total area of 225 square miles. The pasturage is good and the chief exports are eocoanuts and turtles. Population, 4300. CAYTJBABA, kii'yw-bii'ba. A tribe without any UiiDwn linguistic allinities, now gathered into the mission of Exaltacion, on ManiorC River, Bolivia. They are of good physique and are fine boatmen. In spite of Christianity, they have retained some of their strange primitive customs. A man does no work during his wife's menstrual period, neitlier will a widower undertake any im- portant enterprise until he remarries. CAYTJGA, kft-yoo'ga (X. Amer. Indian Gw^-u- giceh-ono, ])eople of the mucky land). The smallest of the five tribes of the original Iroquois Confederacy. They formerly dwelt on Cayuga Lake, Xew York, but on the outbreak of the Revolution most of them, together with the ^Mohawks, joined the British side and removed to Canada, wlience they never returned. They may number perliaps 1000 souls, of whom about 170 are living with the Senecas in Xew York, a few are with the Senecas in Indian Territory and the Oneidas in A'iseonsin, while the main body is on the Si. Nations Reserve on Grand River. On- tario. The name seems to refer to a cranberry swamp. CAYUGA LAKE. A beautiful sheet of water in west cdilnil cv York (Map: New York, D 3). It is 38 miles long, from 1 to 3U. miles wide, and enters Tompkins County, but lies be- tween portions of Tompkins and Cayuga counties on the east and Seneca County un the west. It is 377 feet above tidewater, and 130 feet higher than Lake Ontario, into which it empties through the Seneca and Oswego rivers. At tlie north cud the lake is shallow, but in other places readies a depth of 400 feet. It is navigable for 30 miles. Along its clifV-like banks are several thriving towns. Ithaca, near the south end of the lake, Aurora, near the middle of the eastern shore, and Cayuga, near the north end, are the chief cities. The lake is much frequented by tourists and pleasure-seekers. CAYUSE. A warlike tribe formerly occupy- ing tile Blue Mountain region, adjoining the Columbia River, in northwestern Oregon, and now gathered upon the I'matilla Reservation in the same coimtry. In 1S47 the smallpox, before unknown among them, carried olT a large por- tion of the tribe, and believing that it had been introduced by the missionaries, they attacked and destroyed AVaiilatpu Mission, which had been established among them a few years before. They are now officially reported to number 3G5, most of tliem intermarried with other tribes, and only some half-dozen individuals speak their own old language, which tlius far remains un- classified, but may prove to be of Shaliaptian stock. They acquired the horse at an early day, probably through ilexico and California, and were instnnnental in its distribution among other tribes, whence the application of their name to the Indian pony. CAY'V AN, Georgia (1858—). An American actress, born at Bath, Maine. She was educated in Boston, and was for a time a professional reader. As an actress she first appeared as Hebe in Pinafore at the Boston Theatre, 1870. In 1880 she began playing tlie part of Dolly Button in Hazel Kirke at the JIadison Square Theatre, New York. The next year, at the (Mobe Theatre, Boston, she made a considerable sensa- tion as locasta in CEdipus Tiiranniis with George Riddle. In 1882 she was Lisa in the melodrama The White Slave, at the Fourteenth Street Thea- tre, New York, and Luxa in The Romany Rye, at Booth's Theatre.. From 1887 to 1804 she was leading lady of the Lyceum Theatre stock com- pany, winning successes in The Hi/f, The Charily Ball. Squire Kate, and numerous other plays. An illness obliged her to leave the st-age in 1894, and though in the season of 180607 she returned and starred for a time, the failure of her health compelled her final retirement. Consult : Clapp and Edgett. Players of the Present (Dunlap Soci- ety, New York, 1809) : and Edmunds, in Fa- mous American Actors of ToUaii. edited by Mc- Kay and Wingate (New York, 1800). CAZALES, ka'zsVlfc', Edmond de (1804-76). A French political writer, son of Jacques An- toine Cazal&s, He studied law and received a legal appointment, but soon gave his chief atten- tion to political affairs, and was largely occu- pied with the question of the reconciliation of the Roman Catholic Church with the principles of the Revolution. In 1843 he took holy orders, and two years later became director of the eccle- siastical seminary of Montauban. He was active during the Revolution of 1848 and in the events of 1871-72. During the first Republic, he ser»-ed in the Constituent Assembly. He frequently eon- • tribiited to the Revue des Deux .fondes and other I