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* CALHOUN. of the slavery side, looking toward "dissolving Ihe partnership," if the only eouFie left open seemed submission. His famous last speech in connection with the Compromise of 1850 was read, on account of his weakness, by another Sen- ator. In this he assurted that an amendment to the Constitution would be necessary to restore e<iuilibrium. He died March 31, 1850, having spent his last few months in writing his "Disqui- sition on Government," and his "Discourse on the Constitution and Government of the United States," probablv the most remarkable discus- sions of the rights of minorities ever written. Calhoun's personality was attractive and his morals were irreproachable. His power of logi- cal analysis, though perverted, seems to entitle him to rank as our most original political theo- rist ; he was probably too much of a doctrinaire to be held a statesman of the first order. It must be conceded, however, that throughout his long political career he impressed both friends and foes as only a man of extraordinary powers can do, and it is quite clear that he really believed that the only way to preserve the Union, which he dearly loved, was to reduce its strength almost to the vanishing point. Consult: Life, by Jen- kins (1851), and by Von Hoist (1882) ; Benton, Thirty Years' View (1854); Calhoun's Collected Marks (6 vols., 1853-54) ; and his correspondence, edited by J. F. Jameson (1000). CALHOUN, kal-hoon', Simon Howabd ( 1804- 76). An American missionary. He was born in Boston: graduated from Williams College in 1S29, and went as missionary to the Levant and later to Syria, where he labored with great success till his return in 1874. He was an authority on the Arabic and Turkish languages, and assisted in making the first translation of the Bible into Turkish. CALI, ka-le'. A city of Colombia, in the Department of Cauca (Map: Colombia, B 3). It is situated on the Calf, near its junction with the Kio Cauca, 3100 feet above sea-level, and con- tains the fine Ionic Church of San Francisco and a college. A noteworthy bridge crosses the Rio Call at this point. The city is of considerable commercial and industrial importance, and is well equipped with business facilities: bank, telegraph. Government post-office, etc. Call was founded in 1556. Population, about 12,000. CAL'IBAN. (1) A deformed monster in Shakespeare's Tempest. He is the son of the witch Sycorax and a devil, and originally laid claim to the sovereignty of the enchanted isle. Prospero soon obtained complete mastery over his small mind, however, and has made a ser- vant of him at the beginning of the play. (2) A cynical philosophic drama by Ernest Renan (q.v.), published in 1878. It professes to take up the story of Caliban from where he is left in Shakespeare's Tempest. (3) The tinm ilr plume of Emile Bergerat. CALIBAN UPON SET'EBOS, or Xatubai, TuEoi.oov ox THE IsLA.ND. A characteristic psy- chological poem by Robert Browning. In it Shakespeare's amorphous creature, Caliban, dis- courses 'touching that other, whom his dam called God.' Tlie text, "Thou thoughtcst that I ■was altogether such a one as thyself," is a sub- tly ironical comment on the savage's words. CALIBO, ka-le'B6. A town of Panay, Philip- pines, in the Province of Capiz, situated on the 31 CALIDARIUM. northern coast of the island, 40 miles west of Capiz. PopuiatioE, in 1898, 10,815. CALIBRE (Pr., perhaps from Lat. abl. sing. qua libra, of what weight, measure). The cali- bre of a smooth-bore gun is the diameter of the bore. The calibre of a modern rille of ordinary type is the diameter of a cylinder which wifl just touch the highest points of all the lands (the part of the surface of the bore between the grooves). In the case of rib-rifled guns, which have relatively very narrow lands, the calibre is the diameter of a cylinder which would just touch the bottom of all the grooves. The old smooth-bore cannon were designated by the weight of the shot they threw, as 24-pounder, ti8-pounder, etc.; modern rifled cannon are de- scribed by the calibre, such as 10-inch, etc. The length of a piece is now designated by the num- ber of calibres; for example, a 12-inch gun 40 calibres long is 40 feet in length, etc. See Ar- tillery; Guns, Naval; Obdna:n-ce; Projec- ■iiLEs: and Small Arms. CAL'IBURN. Another name of King Ar- thur's sword Excalibur. CAXICOBACK, or Cauco-Bibd. See TrBS- sroxE. CALICO BASS (possibly so called because of its variegated color). A sunfish-like, mottled- olive bass I I'omoxys sparoides) of the whole Mississippi Valley and Great Lakes, highly prized as a food-fish and as game for youthful anglers. It reaches a length of 12 inches, weighing 2 pounds, haunts grassy streams and ponds, and bears transplanting well. It is a near relative of the crappie (q.v.), and is also known as grass- bass, strawberry-bass, and bar-fish. For illustra- tion, see Plate of Fkesh-Water Bass. CALICO-BUSH. See Kalmia. CALICO-PRINTING. See Textile Print- ing. CALICUT (Hind. koUkodu, kolikotta) . A seaport of the Malabar District, British India, in latitude 11° 15' X., and longitude 75° 50' E., 566 miles south-southeast of Bombay, on the In- dian Ocean and at the terminus of the southwest branch of the Madras Railway (Map: India, C 6 ) . It was the first spot in India visited by Covilham (1486), and it was here that Vaseo da Gama reached the shores of India in 1498, having come by the way of the Cape of Good Hope. Cal- icut was at that time prosperous and powerful. It twice repulsed the Portuguese, slaying their commander in 1509. It stands near the mouth of a small river of the same name, and possessed at one time a good haven. Xow its anchorage is merely an open roadstead. Aside from this phys- ical disadvantage, the ravages of war and the competition of superior localities contributed to the decay of Calicut. lu 1792, when it fell into the hands of the English, the city was little bet- ter than a ruin, Hyder Ali, in 1705, having laid it waste to chastise European cupidity. Since then it has made considerable progress, and in 1891 had 66,100 inhabitants, which increased to 75,500 in 1001. From Calicut, calico derived its name, although the manufacture of that article has now declined. It has an important export trade in timber and spices. CAL'IDA'RIUM (Lat., hot bath). See Batu.