Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/448

* CAVOUR. 384 CAWNPOBE. than on his. He was beloved by the peasants on his estates, and trusted t)y the common peojile generally. His Kinji, whom he served so faith- fully, never felt quite comfortable when bis mas- terful subject was in power, but be had implicit confidence in him and believed in his success; and it was so with all his associates — bis power lay in the assurance of success. He was admired by European statesmen. Napoleon said at Plom- biSres: -There are only tlirce men in Kuropc — we two and then a third whom I will not name." And the veteran lletternicb is reported to have remarked: "There is only one diplomatist in Eu- rope: but unfortunately' he is against us — it is M. de Cavour." With all his determination, and his frequent disregard of the nature of the means used to attain bis ends, Cavour held iinnly to the principles of civil liberty and constitutional government. He was equally distrustful of the doctrinaire republicanism of Mazzini, whom be never liked, and of autocracy in any guise. It is a fine testimonial to his patriotism that be enjoyed the confidence of the exiled Venetian patriot and devoted republican, ^lanin, in spite of his distrust of IManin's political doctrines. From their first meeting in Paris Manin saw iii Cavour the regenerator of Italy. Cavour's writings and speeches on political subjects have l)een published as Opere poUtico-ecoiiomiche del conle Ctnnillo di Cavour (Coneo, 1855), and Din- corsi parlementnri del coiile Camillo di favour, published bv order of the Chamber of Deputies (Turin, 180.3-80). Consult: Mazade, Le comte de Cavour (Paris, 1877) ; Massari, II conle di Cavour (Turin, 187.3): Countess Cesaresco, Cavour (New York, 1808) : Tivaroni, Gloria critica del riftorfiimento d'ltalia (Turin, 188807 ) : Artom and Blauc, // lonie di Cavour in parlamento (Florence. 1808) : also the memoirs and corresjiondence of Kossutb, D'Azeglio, rticasoli. La Farina, and others. A very full bibliography will be found in the little essay by the Countess Cesaresco. and in- Still- man, The Viiion of Italy (Cambridge, 1808). CAVY, ka'vi (Neo-Lat., Port, cavia, from native Indian word). A small South American rodent of the family Caviid;!-. allied to the eapybara and the agoutis, exclusively neotrop- ical, and represented familiarly by the guinea- pig. The cavies are restless, semi-noctumal, herbage-eating creatures, dwelling in burrows or crevices, increasing rapidly, and furnishing food for both man and beast throughout the plains and unTorested highlands of that continent. The largest species {Cavia patchonica), sometimes called 'agouti,' formerly spread throughout the plains of all Arg<»ntina. but now nearly extinct, resembles a bare stjinding upon terrier-like legs; it is a foot in height, and rusty-red in general color. It digs deep burrows of its own, and also occupies those of the vizcacba. The restless eavy (Cavia forcellus). or 'aperea,' and Cutler's eavy {Cavia Cutleri) are conunon in burrowing col- onies in the La Plata Valley, and seem to be the ancestors of the guinea-pig, though uniformly colored, the fonuer grayish-bro^^l, the latter nearly black. Other species inhabit rocky places to a considerable altitude in Brazil and Bolivia. Consult Hudson, ynturalist in La Plata (Lon- don, 1802). See Guim:a-Pig; and Plate of Cavie.s, etc. CAWDOR, kft'dOr. A parish in County Nairn, Scotland (population in 1001, 025), ten miles east by north of Inverness, noted as the site of Cawdor Castle, in which Shakespeare places the murder of Duncan by ^lacbeth. During the Kebellion of 1745 Lord Lovat was, ac- cording to tradition, for a time concealed in this castle. It is in an excellent state of preserva tion. and presents a fine specimen of a true baronial stronghold of feudal times. CAWDOR, Thane of. A character in Shake- speare's ilacbetli, who does not appear on the stage, but whose title is coveted by Macbeth and secured by his causing him to be executed for treason. The description of the character, espe- cially as to bis bearing at the hour of death, has led Shakespearean editors to find here a reference on the part of the author to the unfortunate Earl of Esse.x. CAWEIN, Madison .Tluts (I8(i5— ). An American poet, born and educated in Louisville, Ky. He is the author of lllaoms of the Berry (1S87) : The Triumph of Music (1888) : Aceoloii of Gaul (1889) ; Ltjries and Idyls (1890) ; Days and Dreams (1891): Moods and Memories (1802); Poems of Xature and Love (1893); Ifed Leaves and Roses (1893); Intimations of the Beautiful (1804): Undertones (1896); The Garden of Dreams (1896) ; Shapes and Shadows (1808): Idyllic Monologues (1898); Myth and Uomance (1898) : One Day and Another (1001). His verses are commendable for stylistic color. CAWNPORE, k.an jior', or CAWNPUR, kan -pilor' {Uind.'Kaiihpur. city of Krishna, from kanh, Skt. krsna, krixhna. black + pur. Skt. pura, city). A city, capital of a district of the same name in the" Allahabad division of the Xortb- Wesl Provinces, British India, on the right bank of the Ganges, at the junction of the .Tunnia, 140 miles above Allahabad (Jlap: India, D 3). The stream in front, varying according to the season from 500 yards to more than a nile in width, pre- sents a large and motley assemblage of steam vessels and native craft. Cawnpore's modern im- portance is due to its commercial facilities, and partly to military and political considerations. Since" 1888 it has been brought into direct comuui- nication with Bombay, through the opening of the railway to .Thansi. and, at the junction of four lines, it is one of the chief railwa.v stations in In- dia. It has an extensive trade in grain and agri- ciiltural produce, and important manufactures of home commodities, such as cott<m, leather, etc. The town contains mission churches, schools, zenanas, a club, and good hotels. It owns mu- nicipal water-works, it has belonged to the Eng- lish since 1801. The name of Cawnpore is as- sociated with the events of the Sepoy IMutiny, one of the most terrible episodes of which was enacted here in July, 1857. the massacre of the European women and children by Nana Sahib. A prominent feature of Cawnjiore is the memcnial garden, covering the scene of the massacre. Maro- chetti's angel in white marble, under the Oothic monument over the well in which the dead and dying were cast, is a superb piece of sculpture. Though Cawnpore is only 370 feet above the sea, yet during winter considerable quantities of ice are made for preservation, through the exposing of water bv night in shallow vessels. Population, in 1801.' 163,800; in 1001, 107,000. Area of dis- frict. 2306 square miles. Population, in 1801,