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* CAVENDISH. 381 CAVITE. t^eaiueu were clotlicd in silk, his sails were of (lainask. and his topmast was covered with cloth of gold. Within tliree years he wasted his wealth, and he died on anotlier voyage. Accounts of all three oyajrcs are to be found in llakluyt. CAVENDISH, Sir Wilu.m (1505-57). An English courtier, lie was a younger brother of (Jeorge Cavendish, Cardinal Wolsey's biograplier, with whom he is often confused. lie enjoyed the favor of Henry VIII., who. in 1530. appoint- ed him one of the commissioners to seize mon- asteries for the Crown. In 1540 he w.ns made treasurer of the King's chamber, was knighted, and became a privy councilor. Both Henry and Edward VI. largely increased his landed property by grants of monastic estates. Con- forming under Mary, lie also received rewards from her. His great property became the foun- dation of the immense estates of the Dukes of Devonsliire. CAVENDISH, WiLLi.M, Duke of Newcastle (1592-10701. An English statesman and author. He was the son of Sir Charles Cavendish, young- er brotlier of the first Earl of Devonshire, and Aias educated at Saint .Joljn's College. Cam- bridge. His accomplishments and bearing gained him the favor of .James I., who, in 1010. made liim a Knight of the Bath, and in 1020 raised him to the peerage as Viscount Mansfield. In 1028 he wa.s created Earl of Newcastle by Charles I., and, on the royal visit to Scotland, enter- tained the monarch with two banquets of his- torical repute, at a cost of £20.000. In 10.38 the King intrusted him with the tuition of his son, afterwards Charles II. He munificently sup- ported the King during the Civil War. and raised a troop of 200 knights, who served at their own cost. As general of the northern forces he had the power to issue declarations, confer knighthood, coin money, and raise men. After the battle of Marston Moor, Cavendish retired to the Continent, where he resided in poverty until the Restoration, On his return he was created Duke of Newcastle. He wrote poems, plays, and veterinary works. La mcthode et invention nou- lellc de liresser les chcrnnx (Antwerp, 1057) was written in English, translated by a Walloon, and published in French ; afterwards it was am- plified as .1 Xeir Method and Extraordinary In- vention to Dress Horses and "Work Them Accord- ing to Satitre, etc. (London, 1067). He was a skillful horse-trainer, and made an accomplished horsenuin of his pupil, Charles II. He died De- cember 25, 1670. Consult Life of the Duke of yetrcnstle, by his second wife, Margaret Lucas (London. 1607; new edition by C. H. Firth, London. 1S80). This work is ridiculed by Pcpys in his niiini. March IS. 1608. CAVENDISH COLLEGE. A college founded in 187.3 by the County College Association of Cambridge University. England, in order to en- able undergraduates to pa.ss tlirough a university course at the least possible cost of money and time, and to make a specialty of the art of teach- ing. The present buildings of the college were begim in 1870. There were, in 1800, about ,3.3 students in residence. It was closed the follow- ing year, and is at present a Nonconformist train- ing college, and, of course, not connected with the university. CAVE OF ADTJL'LAM. See Adlt.lam, Cave OF. CAVE OF MACHPELAH, niSk-pe'14. See M. irEL.ii, C.WK or. CAVE OF MAMMON. A subterranean cacrn described at length in Spenser's Faerie (JtKcne. It is the unpleasant abode of the God of Avarice. CAVE OF THE NATIVITY. The supposed birthplace ol Clirist, a winding cave in Bethle- hem, beneath the Church of the Nativity, built over it by the Empress Helena and the Emperor Constantine. The position of the manger and the precise spot where Christ wa.s born are marked. The grotto is beautified with marbles and candles are constantly burning. CAVE OF THE WINDS. See Niag.ra Falls. CAVE OF TROPHO'NIUS. See Tropho- sius. CAVERNE DE L'HOMME MORT, ka'varn' de lorn mTir ( Fr.. cavern uf the dead man). A cave in the Department of Loz&re. France, in which skeletons of a prehistoric race have been discovered. CAVET'TO (It., dim. of caro, hollow, from Lat. CUIUS, hollow, Gk. xia/), kyar, hole, from Gk. Kueii-, l.-i/riit. to swell, to contain). In archi- tecture, a simple concave molding, to be dis- tinguished from the scotia (q.v. ) "because it is only a quarter round, whereas the scotia's curve embraces at least the half of a circle or ellipse. CAVIANA, ka-vyii'na. An island of Brazil, lying across the main mouth of the river Ama- zon. It is about 35 miles long by 20 wide, fer- tile, and well stocked with cattle (Map: Brazil, H 3). The little town of the Roberdello, on the southeast coast of the island, is almost exactly under the equator. CAVIAR, kav'i-ar. or CAVIARE (Fr.. from Turk, hdvynr, caviar, probably of Tatar origin). The roe of a sturgeon prepared as a piquant table delicacy, especiallv in Russia, ( For the various sturgeons, see Stirgeon.) The process of mak- ing caviar is as follows: The ovaries, having been removed from the fish, are beaten to loosen the eggs, which are then separated from the njuscular tissue by being pressed through a sieve. The liquor is then pressed out, salt is well mixed in, and the whole packed in small kegs. The qualit.v of the result depends upon the care in clearing and drving it. The best is prepared by granulating the roe in linen sacks, which are laid in the brine and then hung up in the Sim to dry. The Russian caviar comes ))rincipally from the neighborhood of the Cas- jjian Sea ; but it is prepared in the Danube prov- inces and elsewhere, and lately lias been made ex- tensively in the western L'nited States. CAVITE, ka-vc'ta. The capital of the Prov- ince of Cavite, in Luzon, Philippines, on Manila Bay. about 8 miles southwest of Manila (Map: Luzon Island, E 8), It is built of stone, and has a theatre and several (Tovernment buildings of note. The leading industrial establishment is a large tohacco-factorv. During the Spanish administration Cavite was one of the principal strongholds in the archipelago, and since the Spanish-American War has been niaile even stronger. There are an arsenal, well-equipped repair-shops, and good docking facilities. Popu- lation, in 1898, 1497.