Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/42

* CALENDAR. 1751, and after great inconvenience had been experienced for nearly two centuries, from tlie difference of the reckoning, that an act vas passed (24 Geo. II., 1751) for eiiualizing the style in Great Britain and Ireland with that used in other countries of Europe. It was then enacted that 11 days should be omitted after the 2d of September, 1752, so that the ensuing day should be the 14th. A similar change was about the same time made in Sweden and Tus- cany, and Russia is now the only country which adheres to the old style: an adherence which renders it necessary, when a letter is thence ad- dressed to a person in another country, that the June 27 date should be given thus : April Jj or j^. ^ • It will be observed that the years 1800 and 1900, not being considered by us as leap years, have interjected two more days, making the dif- ference thirteen days between old and new style, French Revolutionary Calend.r. The French nation, in 1793, undertook the task of making a new calendar, professedly upon philo- sophical principles. The new era was dated from the minute of the autumnal equinox (Sep- tember 22, 1792), which was also the day from which the existence of the Republic was reck- oned (although the formal jiroclamation of the Republic was on September 21). There were 12 months of 30 days each, divided into decades, in which the days were named numerically — Pri- midi, Duodi, and so on, up to Decadi. The re- maining five days were grouped as festal days at the end of the year, and known as Snnsciilottides. The months, seasons, and festivals were arranged PERPETUAL CALE.NDAR 28 CALENDAR. as follows (the table being for the years I., II., III., v., VI., VII., the dates varying by one or two days in the remaining years) : DAY OF THE MONTH Jan. Oct. Apr. July Jim. Sept. Due. June Feb. Mar. Nov. Aug. Feb. May 1 8 15 22 29 X + = II X § Monday 2 9 16 23 30 § X + = II X Tuesday 3 10 17 21 31 t § X -1- = • II Wednesday i 11 18 25 32 II t § X -f = • Thursday 5 12 19 26 • II X § X -f = Friday 6 13 20 27 = • II t § X -1- Saturday 7 U 21 28 -f = • II t § X Sunday 1798 1804 1810 1821 1827 IS32 1838 1849 1855 ISW 1866 1877 1883 1SS8 1894 1900 1906 1917 1923 1928 1934 1945 1799 180.T 1811 isie 1822 1833 1839 1S44 1850 isii'i 1867 lS-2 1878 1889 1895 1901 1907 mvj 1918 1929 1935 1940 1949 1800 1806 1817 1823 ISSS 1834 1845 1851 ma; 1862 1873 1879 1HS4 1890 1902 I9i;i 1919 1924 1930 1941 1947 1801 1807 1812 1818 i'829 1835 1S40 1846 1857 1863 1IS6S 1874 1885 1891 1S»(I 1903 1908 1914 1925 1931 ism 1942 1802 i'813 1819 1S24 1830 1841 1847 1852 1858 1869 1875 ISSO 1886 1897 m 1915 1020 1926 1937 1943 1948 1803 1808 1814 1825 1831 ime 1842 1863 1859 18«4 1870 1881 1887 1S92 1898 iun4 1910 1921 1927 19.12 1938 1949 1809 1816 1820 1826 i837 1843 184.S' 1854 1865 1871 wr« 1882 1893 18119 1905 1911 1916 1922 1933 1939 1944 1950 NOTE The italic mouths arefor use in bisHex- tih^yenrsonl.v. No attclltinll needbepiii'ltn leap yearn, un- less the date falls in Janu- ary or Febru- ary. Vend^miaire Vintage month.. 23 Sept to 21 Oct. Bruniaire Fog month 22 Oct. to 20 Nov. Frlmaire Sleet month 21 Nov. to 20 Dec. WINTER. NlvOse Snow month 21 Deo. to 19 Jan. PluviOse Rain month 20 Jan. to 18 Feb. VeutOse Wind month 19 Feb. to 20 Mar. SPRING. Germinal Seed month 21 Mar. to 19.pril Florfel Blossom month.20 April to 19 May Prairial Pasture month. .20 May to 18 June BUMMER. Messldor Harvest month. .19 June to 18 Jul.v Fervidor,orThermidor..Heat month 19 July to 17 Aug. Fructidor Fruit month 18 .Aug. to 16 .Sept. SANSCULOTTIDES, OR FEASTS DEDICATED TO Les Vertus The Virtues 17 Sept. LeGf^nie Genius 18 Sept. Le Travail Labor 19 Sept. L'Opinion Opinion 20 Sept. Les Recompenses Rewards 21 Sept. A sixth additional day in leap years was named le jour dc la Ift-volutioii. This calendar was a product of the revolt against Christianity, and it existed until the old system was restored by Napoleon, December 31, 1805. See Chronol- ogy. PERrETl'AL Calendar. An arrangement for ascertaining the day of the week correspond- ing to any desired date, and for solving other similar problems. The following form of per-, petual calendar was arranged bj' Capt. J. ller- scliel, and is probably the best yet devised. As here given, it covers the period from 1798 to 1950, but it can be extended easily in either direction. Every date is composed of four elements, viz. : ( 1 ) Day of the week. (2) Day of the month. (3) Name of the month. (4) Number of the year. Anj- three of these ele- ments being given, wc can find the fourth from the perpetual calendar. Thus, supjiose we wish to find what (lay of the week cor- responded to March 4, 1805, on which day Lincoln was inaugurated President of the I'nited States for the second time. Entering the calendar in the column headed 'March,' and opposite the 'day of the month' 4, we find the sign -f. Now, en- tering the column contain- ing the year I8G5, and go- ing up it to the same sign +, we find opposite that sign, on the right, the 'day of the week' Saturday. Ac- ciinlingly. Lincoln was in- augurated on a Saturday. .gain. suppose it is re- quired to find in what years