Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/383

* CATAWBA. 327 CATECHISM. 6000 souls, but by tlic inveterate hostility of the Tuscaroras and other Northern tribes, with in- tenii)er;iiue and smallpox, they declined rapidly, and in 1743 were reduced to less than 400 men in spite of the fact that they had incorporated several smaller tribes. In nearly all the early wars, including the Revolution, they fought on the American side. About 100, of whom a few speak their ancient language, still reside on a small State reservation on Catawba River, in York County, S. C. CATAWBA, or Great Catawba Rn'ER. See AVaTKUKI" i'.IVER. CATBALOGAN, kat-bii'lSgiin'. The capital of tlic isliind Province of Saniar, Philippines, sititated on a small bav on the western coast (Map: Philiiipinc Islands, J S). It lies .338 miles southeast of Manila, with which it carries on a considerable trade in hemp and eocoanut oil. Population, in ]8!)S, 64.59. CATBIRD. In the United States, a common and familiar songster {Galeascoptes CaroUnen- ■sis), nearly related to the mocking-bird. It is about nine inches long, slate-gray in color, the crown and tail black. It is found in most of Xorth America and is a general favorite. Al- though its call-note resembles the mewing of a cat, its spring song is one of the most varied and brilliant heard in American woods: the bird is also a mimic. It feed^ chiefly upon insects, nests in bushes, and lays four or iivc dark green- ish-blue eggs. Although a migrant in the North, it breeds and also winters in the Southern States. It is usually to be found in gardens, along roadsides, and in bushy pastures. In Australia the bower-birds, especially AUurccdua crassiriixtris. are called catbirds because of their mewing notes. CATBOAT (Icel. kati, small boat + hoat). A small sailboat, usually not more tlian 30 feet in length, rigged with a large fore-and-aft mainsail only, set on a boom and gaff, and having the mast stepped as far forward as possible. Such a, rig as this is called a cat-rig. Catboats are very quick working and are easily handled by one person, which quality has made them very popular. They usually draw but little water, depending on a centre-board to prevent their making leeway, and have great beam in propor- tion to their length. CATCH ( probably because the voices caught up the words in turn). A species of musical composition peculiar to England, without ac- companiment and set to humorous words. The music is generally for three voices and in the canon (q.v. ) style. As in the canon, each voice takes up the subject at a certain distance after the preceding has begun. One of the l)est speci- mens of a catch is by Caleott, on Hawkins's and Hurney's histories of music, where the humor lies in one of the parts repeating 'Burney's his- tory' — sounding like 'burn his history' — while the others are advocating Hawkins. See Roi'M). CATCH-DRAINS, or Catch-Watkr Draims. Open <lr;iiiis c.iiHt nicted along a declivity to in- tercept and carry otV surface water. The name is particularly applied to a drain which is built to separate a di.strict re<iuiring artificial drain- age from surrr)unding higher land, in order to keep the surface water from the higher land from running into it and so increasing the amount of water to be removed from the low land. In Holland this is accomplished by a dike and canal called 'ungart.' See Dk.vixage. CATCHFLY. The conunon English name of several |dants of the order Caryophyllacese — which being clammy, in consequence of a peculiar exudation, on the calyx, on the joints of the stem, often prove fatal to insects settling upon them. The most common American species of eatchfly are Silene Virginica, Silene regia, Silene rotundifolia, and Silene antirrhina. European species are Silene armeria, angelica, and Lychnis visearia. Dion:pa muscipula is also sometimes called the Carolina catchlly or Venus lly-trap. See Diox.rA: Lyciim.s: Silexe. CATEAU-CAMBRESIS, ka'to' kii.x'bra's,^', Le. A town in the Department of the Nord, France, on the Selle, 14 miles east-southea-st of Cambrai (Map: France, K I). It manufactures shawls, merinos, silks, calicoes, and leather; has breweries and distilleries; and a considerable trade in iron, coal, and wine. Population, in 1001, of town, 10,297; of commune, 10,.594. The place derives its name from the chateau (now occupied as a factory) built by Herluin, Bishop of Cambrai, in the Eleventh Century. The treaty of Cateau-Cambresis (q.v.) between France. Eng- land, and Spain was signed here on April 3, 1559. CATEATJ-CAMBKESIS, Treaty of. A treaty of iieace concluded April 2-3, 1559, by Henry II. of France with England and Spain. It confirmed the French in possession of Calais, which they had wrested from the English in 1558, after the latter had held it for more than 200 years. France surrendered her conquests in Savoy and Italy, but was allowed to retain the Three Bish- oprics — Metz, Toul, and Verdun. The Treaty of Cateau-Cambn'sis marks the definite abandon- ment on the part of France of the policy of Italian conquest initiated by Charles VIII. in 1494. CATECHETICAL ( kat'e - kStT - kal ) SCHOOLS ( Fr. catrchctifjue, from Gk. mnixf TiKu^, katCchCtikos, instructive, from narrixfiv, katCchein, to instruct orally, from narii, kata, down -r i/xeiv, echein, to sound, from i/X'i, eche, sound). The name given to the ancient Chris- tian schools of theology, of which the chief were those of Antioeh (l(i0-400) and Alexandria (c.200-500). Clement (q.v.) and Origen (q.v.) were the most famous of the teachers in the lat- ter; Theodore of Mopsuestia (q.v.) of the former. CATECHISM (Fr. catichisme, Lat. catechis- vius, from (ik. Karr/xO^^iv, katechizein, to cate- chise, from KarTjxclv, katechein, to instruct orally, from Kara, kata, down + r/x^'v, echein, to sound, from i/x>/, eche, sound). A system of teaching b}- means of question and answer, employed for popular instruction in the truths and duties of the Christian religion. The composition of the lirst catechisms as, in all probability, suggested by the oriiinai'v oral instruction of catechumens, and was intended for the help both of teachers and pupils. It appears to have been in the Eighth and Ninth centuries that the first regular catechisms were compiled, of which that by Kero, a monk of Saint (iall, and that ascribed to Otfried of Weissenburg, are among the most noted. At later periods the use of catechisms prevailed chielly among the opponents of the hierarchy, as among the Wahlenses, the Albi- gcnses, the Wiclifites. and. above all, anmng the