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* CARY. 274- a declaration of imlependence. He was president of the Vir-jinia Senate from the organization of the State Uovernuient until his death. CARY, George LovELL (1830—). An Ameri- can theologian. l)orn at ^ledway, Jlass. He was educated at Harvard and at Allegheny College, and was professor at Antioch College, Ohio, from 185'2 to 1802, when he was appointed to the chair of New Testament literature at Meadville Theo- logical School. His works include: Introduction to the Greek of the cic Testament (1870; 2d ed. 1881) ; The Synoptic Gospels, uith a Chapter on the Text-Criticism of the Xew Testament (1900) ; and the volume on ilatthcir, Mark, and Luke, in the Inta-nutional Handbooks to the yew Testament. GARY, Hexrt FRA.NCIS (1772-1844). An English writer and clergyman, known for his admirable translation of Dante. He was born at Gibraltar, studied at Christ Church, Oxford, and became a clergyman of the Church of Eng- land. From 1826 to 1837 he was assistant keeper of printed books in the British JIuseum. In 1805 he translated Dante's Inferno, and in 1814 the whole of the Dirina Commcdia, his translation being remarkable not only for its accuracy, but for its expressiveness and force. He afterwards translated Pindar's Odes and Aristophanes's Birds, and wrote a series of memoirs, in continuation of Dr. Johnson's Lives of the Poets. He was an intimate friend of Coleridge and Charles Lamb. Consult the Memoir by his son, Henry Cary (London, 1847). CARY, Lucn.s. See Falkland, second Vis- count. CA'RYA. See Hickory. CARYATIDES, kar't-atl-dez (Lat., Ok. Ko- pvaTiS, Karyntis, woman of Carya'). A name given to female figures, in Greek architecture, when applied instead of columns to su))port a roof. The account of the origin of the name given by the Roman architect Vitruvius is, that the inhabitants of Carya-, a city in Laconia, hav- ing joined the Persians, the Greeks, after their victory over the Persians, destroyed the town, slew the men, and carried the women into cap- tivity. As a token of triumph, figures of these women and of the conquered Persians were in- troduced as supports in architecture. This story is a pure invention. Such figures are found in Egj'pt and Greece from early times as supports of thrones or lustral ^■ases. and were used in Greek architecture during the Sixth Century B.C., as is proved by the discovery of such figures used as columns for the treasuries of the Cnidians and the Siphnians at Deljilii. The female figures are alwajs calm and dignified, in no way op- pressed by the weight they sustain, and seem to be conceived originally as niinistrants of the deities within. The Greek word means not only a woman of Cary.-e, but also a dancer in the peculiar dance with which the Laconian maidens honored Artemis Caryatis. The name ought jiroperly to denote only a certain kind of sup- porting figure, in which one hand is raised to help sustain the weight: others would be called Canephori, or Calathephori. The term, however, lias been extended to all such figures, though in Greek they are properly called only 'Maidens.' The most celebrated are the figures which sup- port the southwest porch of the Erechtheum in Athens. Male figures used for the same purpose CARYOPHYLLACEiE. are called Atlantes (q.v.), and in these the idea of sull'ering inder a heavy burden is clearly ex- ]iressed. See Homolle, in liiilletin dc Corrcspon- dance hcllcniqne. Vols. XXTIl. and XXIV. (Paris, 1809). For illustration, see Erecutheum. CARYX, kar'il, Joseph (1002-73). An Eng- lish Nonconformist clergjnnan during the revo- lutionary period. He was educated at Oxford, became preacher at Lincoln's Inn, and in 1043 was appointed a member of the Westminster Assembly of Divines. He was a moderate inde- pendent, but zealous for the Covenant. By order of Cromwell, he attended Charles I. in Holniby House, and in 10.50 he was sent with Dr. John Owen to accompany Cromwell to Scotland, llis chief ])ublishcil work was a jxinderous commen- tary on the book of Job, in which, after the fashion of his time, he enlarged on every verse, and almost on every word. CARY'OCAR (Xeo-Lat., from Gk. Kdpvoi>. kari/vii, nut -|- Kapa, kara, head). A genus of a dozen species of large trees of the order Caiyo- earaeeie, or, according to Bentham and Hooker, the order Ternstroemiaccte, and almost consti- tuting the whole order. They are all natives of (Juiana and Brazil, and are sometimes called pekea-trees. They yield good timber for ship- building, and produce the delicious nuts occa- sionally met with in markets, called butternuts or souari-nuts. The food is a sort of drupe, containing several nuts. The fleshy part of the drupe consists of a butter-like substance, which melts between the fingers, and is used in cook- ery instead of butter, on which account these trees are sometimes called butter-trees. It forms merely a thin covering for the nuts. The kernels are remarkably soft. An oil is extracted from them which is scarcely inferior to olive oil. Cari/ocar nuciferum is now cultivated in the island of Saint Vincent: Varyocar butyrosum, Caryocar plabnim. Caryocar tomentosum, and other species a]ipc:ir equally worthy of attention. CAR'YOKINE'SIS. See Kartoki.vesis. CARYOPHYLLA'CE.a; ( Xeo-Lat. nom. pi., from Caryopliylhis, from Gk. Kapvov, karyon., nut + vot>, jthyllon. leaf). An order of dicotyle- donous plants, containing about 00 genera and 1300 species, mostly herbaceous plants, a few half shrubby. The stems are often tumid at the articulations: the leaves always opposite and entire, often uniting aroxuid the stem. The fiowers are regular; the calyx persistent, of 4 to 5 sepals, either free or united into a tube; the corolla of 4 to 5 ix'tals, which are frequently bifid, and generally terminate in a claw at the base, sometimes wanting; the stamens as many, or twice as many, as the petals; the ovary of 2 to 5 carpels; the styles are stigmatic along the inside; the fruit is a one-celled capsule, with central placenta, to which the seeds are attached. The plants of this order are mostly natives of temperate and cold countries; some of them are only found on mountains, near the limits of perpetual snow. Some of them are inconsiiicuous weeds, some showy flowers; al- most all are insipid and inert; a few contain saponine, and afford a snKstitute for soap. (See SoAi'WORT.) To this order belong the pink, car- nation, sweet-william, lychnis, and chickweed (qq.V.). This order very naturally divides into two dis- tinct groups which differ biologically and mor-