Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/294

* CARPET. 246 CARPI. of course, much simpler than that for the Brus- sels, only one yarn having to be looped, anil that always in the" same manner. Velvet carjieling dillers from tajiestry Brussels in that the pile, which is made longer, is cut, forming a surface like that of the Wilton carpet. A still cheaper process for manufacturing tapestry carpets was patented by .Tames Dunlap, of Philadelphia, in 1801. The "carpet is woven undyed, or of one uniform basic color, and the pattern is stamped by a color-printing machine similar to that used in calico-printing. En- graved pattern rollers, a separate one for each color, print, as they revolve, their design on the plane surface of the carpet, which is revolving in an opposite direction, but in contact with the pattern roller, on a drum. The ingrain or Kidderminster carpet is a fab- ric composed of two webs or plies of cloth of different colors, and has no pile. The carjiet is usually reversible, the color which forms the pattern on one side forming the background on the other, and vice versa. This mixing of the two plies is called ingraiiiing. and the more ceneral and thorough the mixing of the colors of the design is, the more durable will be the fabric. In the plain ingrain only two colors are used, but in the 'shot-about' ply two or more shuttles of different colors are employed in each ply. The Venetian carpet, used chiefly for stairs and halls, is made of a worsted or cotton warp and jute filling. The pattern is all on the warp, which alone is visible, as it incloses the weft between its upper and under surfaces. Consult The Hislon/ and Manufacture of Floor-Cover- ings (New York, 18;in). See Weaving. CARPETBAGGERS. A term of contempt applied by the people of the Southern States to those who came from other parts of the Union to live in the South, or to transact business there, after the close of the Civil War: but ap- plied particularly to those who came to make mpney by irregular and sometimes criminal means out of the corrupt governments (called carpetbag governments) of the Reconstruction Period. (See EECOX.STRrcTiON.) The term was originally used to designate the 'wildcat' bank- ers of the West, who defrauded the people and could never be found when wanted : and. by ex- tension of meaning, is sometimes applied to those who drift alioiit from place to place, and have no fixed residence. CARPET BEETLE or Bvg, or Buffalo JtloTH. An imported dermestid (Anthrenus scro- phulari<e) .whose destructive larvae, first noticed in the United States at Buffalo, N. Y., about 1872, have become a widely scattered household pest. The adult beetle is about one-eighth inch long, and covered with scales of black, white, and red, with white spots on the prothorax and wing- covers; it is thus frequently confused Avith the much larger and harmless ladybird beetle, that also at times seeks refugee in luniscs during win- ter. It feeds on the pollen of flowers. The larvie are short, fat, hairy grubs, and may be found under the edges of c"ari)ets, along seams, in floor- cracks, and particularly beneath heavy furni- ture. They feed on the car|)et materials, on the lint that collects under matting and in cracks, and on woolen clothing and furs. Pyrcthrum Iiowder sprinkled in lilaces frequented by them is helpful. The carpets of infested houses should not be tacked down, but placed so that they may l)e examined frequently. Pieces of woolen cloth on closet floors act as traps to attract and collect the larva?. Infested clothing may be cleared by .shutting it up in tight boxes and subjecting it to the fumes of carbon bisulphide. Clothing C.IBPET HEKTLE— L.MIVA AXU AlULT STATES. packed away in tight receptacles with a plenti- ful supplv of naphtha balls is rarely disturbed by the beetles. Two other species of this same genus (Aiithrenus rariUK and Anthrenus muse- orum) are great pests of insect, bird, and other museiun collections. See Insect Life, II. (Wash- ington. ISSfl). and Osborn. Household Insects (Department of Agiiculture, Washington, 1800). CARPET MOTH, SNAKE, etc. The word carpet is often adjectivally applied to animals in the sense of variegated. Thus a 'carpet moth' is one of the geometrids having varied and lively ornamentation; but a carpet-eating moth, as Tinea taiictteUa (see Clotjies-Motii ), may also be meant. In Australia, a scylloid shark {Cros- sorhinus barbatus) is called 'carpet shark.' and the big, harmless pythonoid snake ( Morelia rariegata), so common in the same countrv. is everywhere known as 'carpet snake' An Ameri- can "instance is found in California, where the bcautifullv marked little edible clam {Tapes staminea) of the Pacific Coast is known as the 'carpet shell.' CARPET-S'WIEEPER., A device for sweep- ing carpets, consisting of a revolving bnish en- closed in a wooden dust-pan. Its obvious ad- vantage, in addition to great ease of operation, is that it picks up and confines the dust as it is gathered. See Brushes and BROoJts. CARPI, kiir'jx'. A town in the Province of Modena. Italv, 11 miles by rail northwest of Modena (X!a"p; Italy, E 3). It contains two cathedrals, a castle, a theological .seminary, and a theatre. It is the seat of a bishop, and was once the capital of the Principality of Carpi. Pojiulation of town, in 1881, 5087; commune, 18,788; in 1001, 2'2,9,12. CARPI, Ugo i>. (c.1455-1523). An Italian artist, born at Carpi. He was but an mdif- ferent painter, and his only claim to onr uiter- est is his own assertion that he was the inven- tor of chiaroscuro, that is, the process of i)rinting engravings from blocks of different shades, which was the origin of chromopilnting. He clanns this discovery in a letter to the Venetian Senate