Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 04.djvu/290

CARP. Bona, took part in the overthrow of Cuza, and, after Prince Charles had ascended the throne, entered the diplomatic service. With Blaren- l)crg he founded an antiliheral journal. In 1870 he became ilinister of Foreign AlTairs. and in 1892 of Commerce, Agriculture, and Domains. He was known for political discourses, and for his renderings of Shakes2)ea'.e.

CARPACCIO, kiir-pa'chn, VlTTORE. called .Sariiaivia liy "asari (C.14.30-c.l522) . An Ital- ian painter, important as marking the tran- sition in the Venetian sdiool from the lifteenth century to the heights which it attained in the sixteenth. He was born probably at Capo d'lstria, but spent most of his life in Venice, where he may have been a pujiil and was for a time the assistant of tienlile Bellini, like whom he took up the new metliod of painting in oil. In 1490 he painted the great series of nine pic- tures on the life of Saint I'rsula i Academy, Venice), which are remarkable for their mastery of the conditions of hisloricaj painting, for beauty of imagination and of detail. ext in importance is the series painted between 1502 an<l 1508 for the Dalmatian hospice of San Ciorgio degli Schiavoni. Venice — nine pictures on the lives of Saints George, .lerome. and Tryphonius. In 1510 he ])rodnced wltat may be called his masterpiece, tlic "Presentation in the Temple" I .Vcailemy. Venice). A thinl great series, on the life of Saint Stephen (1511-15), has been scattered in the Louvre, Herlin. .Milan, and Stuttgart. Like (Jentile Bellini, t'arpaccio has a wonderful talent of narrative, enlivening the solemnity of his subjects with a cerfci in light- ness of treatment which never fails to make them interesting; and while his drawing is often faulty, and the faces of his figures are unpleasant, his work is attractive by reason of his color, which. with all its golden brightness, is clciir and hannonious. (' I snn 'inrrt' I X'enice, 1S93).

CARPA'THIAN MOUNTAINS. A mountain system of Central Europe, extending in the form of a broad arc along nearly the entire boundary of Hungary east of the Danube (Map: Hungary, II 2), The arc, opening to the southwest, embraces the plain of Hungary and the elevated basin of Transylvania (Siebenbiirgen), separating the f(unier from tl.e .us1rian prov- inces of Moravia. Silesia, (lalicia, and Bukowina on the northwest, north, and northeast, and the latter from Rumania on the east and sotith. Both wings of the arc rest upon the Danube, the one terminating near Presbirg, where it is in juxta- position to the Leitha range of the Austrian Alps, the other ending at Orsova. where it confronts the northern extension of the Balkans. The length of the system, folhnving the curve, is about 800 miles. The Carpathian system is composed of numerous mountain groups which exhibit a vari- ety of orographic and geological features. On the northwest the main elevations are included in the Kleine Karpaten (Little Carpathians), the Weisses Cebirge (White Piange), and the Nentra and Tfttra ranges. These ranges, with the bordering ranges of the West Beskiden and the Hungarian Erzgebirge. converge in northern Hungary to form a mountain knot, near the centre of which are the llohe T.ltra Mountains, the loftiest in the entire system. Eastward and southward the Carpathians are continued in a broad curve by the Ost Beskiden and by the Waldgebirge into Transylvania, where the ranges widen out so at to surround on the east and west the basin of Transylvania, whose southern limit is the Tran- sylvanian .lps.

The Carpathians include no summits that are comparable in elevation to the culminations of the Alps, but tlic moimlains are frequently mas- sive and i:i])osing in appearance. The highest ])oint of the system is the tierlsdorferspitze of the llohe Tiitra Range, which is 8,737 feet. In the same range are the Lomnitzerspitze, 8042 feet; the Eisthalerspitze, 8630 feet; and the Sclilagendorfersi)itze, and other peaks extending SOOO feet. In the eastern Carpathians there are many peaks from 5000 to over 7000 feet above the sea. The Transylvanian Alps, whose trend in the main is east and west, present an almost imbroken mountain barrier crowned by jagged summits that reach an extreme height of over SOOO feet, the loftiest peak, Xegoi, being 8318 feet. In general, the higher elevations of the Carpathians are composed of granite and crystal- line rocks, while the outlying lower ranges are formed by uiiturned and folded sedimentary strata. Mesozoic sandstone is the prevailing for- mation in the Beskiden, and granite, gneiss, and schist in the Transylvanian Alps. Eruptive igneous rocks are found along the whole system, but are most ])roininent in the Ihuigarian Erzge- birge and in the ranges of Transylvania. These regions arc noted for their dejjosits of gold, silver, lead, copper, and other metallic ores, which have been worked for many centuries. The Carjiathian system forms the water-parting between the drainage basins of the Oder, Vistula, and Dnies- ter, and of the middle Paimlie. Small lakes fre- quently occur in the interior of the mountains, Jiarticularly in the Hohe Ti'itra, where more than 100 hae been found. Some of them are at great elevations, and many are very deep. These lakes are called by the Hungarians 'Eyes of the Sea.' There are no glaciers nor perennial snow-fields. Xumerous passes cross the system, facilitating comnnmication between Hungary and the border- ing countries. The Carpathians arc clothed with extensive forests of oak, beech, chestnut, and fir, which harbor bears, volves. and lynxes. See HlN'OAHY, and Tlt.>SYLVASIA.

CAR'PATHOS. See Scarpanto.

CARPEAUX, k-irV-i'. (1827- 75). A French sculptor, the pupil of Duret and Rude. His best-known works are: "The Fisher Boy," "Ugolino and His Children," "Neapolitan Fisherman," "I-'rance Enliglitening the World and Protecting .gricnlture and Science," the noted group, "La Danse" (ISlJit), on the facade of the P;iris Opera House, and "The Four Quarters of the World Sustaining the Sphere." Among his portrait busts are those of ( Jerome and of Alexander Dumas, fils. Although the faults of the Naturalistic School are accentuated in his work, his robust imagination and technical skill give him a high place among latter-day sculptors.

CARPEL (Fr. carpelle, Neo-Lat. carpelhiin. from (k. Kapirbs, kiirpos, fruit). One of the ovule-bearing elements of the pistil in flowering plants (angiosix'nns). The carpel is usually considered to be a modified single spore-bearing leaf (sporophyll ) . Several carpels are often organized together to form a single ovule-containing organ, which organ, whether consisting of one or many carpels, is called a pistil. See Flower,