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* CARLSTADT. 225 CAKLYLE. immediately after his death accepted the tale that the devil had carried him otl', while the Swiss German and South German theologians ever speak very kindly of him. For his life, consult: J. C." Jiiger' (Stuttgart, 1850) and Hermann Harge (announced) ; for list of his works. H. V. Rotermund, Krneiicries Aiidciiken </• Miiiiiitr die fiir iiitd flcfjcit die Reformation Luthni yearheitet liahen. Vol. I (Bremen, 1814). JIany of his letters are in .T. G. Olearius. Scri- niiiin A.-itiijU(iriuin (Halle, KiTl, 2d ed., 1698). CARLTON. A town in Xottinghamshire, England, 2^2 miles northeast of Nottingham, noted for its manufactures of hosiery (^lap: Eng- land. E 4). Population, in ISitl, tiCiOO ; in 1!101, 10.000. CARLTON, The. The leading Conservative political club in London. It was founded in 1832 by the Duke of Wellington, and it now numbers about 2000 memliers. Its headquarters are at Xo. 94 Pall ilall. the building being remarkable for its polished granite pillars, which are in imitation of Sansovino's Library of Saint Hark at Venice. CARLTON HOUSE. A house erected for Lord Carlton in the present Carlton House Ter- race, London, in 1709, and demolished in 1827. It was made famous by being occupied by the Prince of Wales in 1732, and later by George I'., when he was Prince Regent. The intimates of the Prince of Wales were known as 'The Carl- ton House Set.' CARLUDOVI'CA PALMA'TA (Xeo-Lat. in honor of Charles IV. of Spain, Lat. Carolus Ludovicus, and Xeo-Lat. fem. sing, of Lat. pabnatus, marked like the palm of the hand, from puliiiti. palm of the hand). A South Ameri- can palm-like plant of the order CVclanthaceae. It bears leaves four feet in diameter from which Panama hats are woven, the best of which are plaited from a single leaf stripped in such a manner as to require no joining. In addition to Carliidovica jmlmata there are about forty spe- cies, all of them natives of America. They have leaves resembling the fan-palms, are very orna- mental, and are usually considered by growers as palms, and are treated similarly. See P.xam. Hats. CARLYLE, k:ir-lil'. A city and county- seat of Clinton County, HI., 48 miles east of Saint Louis, on the Kaskaskia River, and on the Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern Railroad (Map: Illinois, 5). It has manufactures of bricks, flour, spokes, paper, rock-crushers, etc., and a trade in grain and flour. Population, in 1890. 1784; in 1900, 1874. CARLYLE, Jane Welsh (1801-G6). The wife of Thomas Carlyle. She was descended thrrmgli her father from John Knox, and on her mother's side claimed relationship with William Wallace. When Edward Irving was a teacher at Haddington, she was his i)rivate pupil, and the friendship thus begun would have culminated in their marriage had it not been for Irving's pre- vious engagement to Miss Martin. When only fourteen slie had written a tragedj', and for many years continued to write poetry. In 1821 Irving introduced Carlyle (who was ignorant of his friend's attachment) to Miss Welsh. They began a correspondence on literary matters and soon became intimate, although she refused to con- sider him otherwise than as a friend. In 1822 Irving wrote to lur his final letters of farewell.. and tliree years later she and ('arlyle were en- gaged. They were nuirried October 17, 1826. Though there is no doubt that Carlyle sincerely loved his ^■ife or that she reciprocated the feeling, their married life was marred by his uncertain temper, the interference of his family, and her own critical disposition. CARLYLE, .John Aitkex (1801-79). An Englisii physician, brother of Thomas Carlyle. He studied medicine at Edinburgh University; was traveling physician to the Countess of Clare, and afterwards to the Duke of Buccleuch. After abandoning his practice (1848) he lived for a time at Chelsea near his brother. He made an e.xcellent prose translation of Dante's Inferno (1849; rev. 1807). CARLYLE, Joseph Dacre (1759-1804). An English Orientalist. He was born at Carlisle, graduated at Cambridge, and in 1793 succeeded Dr. Paley as chancellor of Carlisle. In 1795 he was appointed professor of Arabic at Cambridge. He had already published a translation of an Arabic history of Egypt, and in 1790 he issued a volume of Speeimens of Arabic Poetry. Lord Elgin procured Carlyle's appointment in the Turkish embassy, which gave him an opportunity to travel in the East, xliere he collected Greek and Syriac manuscripts for a contemplated re- vision of the Xew Testament, Init he did not live to do the work. His Arabic Bible, edited by H. Ford, professor of Arabic at O.xford, was juib- lished in 1811. CARLYLE, Thomas (1795-1881). A Scot- tish man of letters. He was born at Ecclefechan, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, December 4, 1795. Edu- cated first at the village school, and after- wards at Annan, he passed, in 1809, to Edin- burgh L'niversity, with a view to entering the Scottish Church. Here he studied irregularly, but with amazing avidity. The stories which are related of his immense reading are almost fabulous. About the middle of his theological curriculum, Carlyle felt wholly disinclined to be- come a clergj-man, and, after a short period spent in teaching at Annan, and later at Kirkcaldy, where he formed a lifelong friendship with Ed- ward Irving, he went to Edinburgh and embraced literature as a profession. His first efforts were contriljutions to Brewster's Enci/elopwdia. In 1824 he published a translation of Legcndre's Geometry, to which he prefixed an essay on pro- portion, mathematics having, during his college years, been a favorite study with him. In 1823- 24 appeared in the London Marjaxine his Life of Sehiller; and in 1824 his translation of Goethe's ^^ilhelm Meistcr. In 1825 the Life of Schiller was recast, and published in a separate form. It was very highly praised; indeed, one can dis- cern in the criticisms of the book a dawning recog- nition of the genius of Carlyle. The translation of Williclm Meiater met with a somewhat dif- ferent fate. De Quincey, in one of his acrid and capricious moods, attacked both Goethe and his translator; while Jefl'rey, in the Edinburgh Re- ■rieie, admitting Carlyle to be "a person of tal- ents," slashed in caValier fashion at the book. It is one of the most excellent tianslations of a foreign work in the English language. In 182G Carlyle married .Jane Baillie Welsh, a lineal de- scendant of John Knox, and during the same year appeared his Siiecimens of German Ro-