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* CAELIN. 221 CARLISLE. CARXIN (probably dim. of carl, AS. curl, Icel., OHG. karl, tJer. Kerl. fellow. Eng. chtir', otherwise ex|)laiiied as a corruption of Fr. harle- quin, It. arleqiiino, harleqniii). An inferior va- riety of piiii; dog. See Pit;. CAROLINES, or CARO-INGS (Fr. curHiiffue, Rliss. knrliiixi'i) . In sliiiil)viilding. small beams laid fore and aft, and resting upon the main or deck beams. These, with other pieces called Jedfint, laid at right angles to them, form a framework by which the deck is supported CAR'LINGFORD, Chichester SAiirEL For- TESCiE, Baron (1S23-'.)S). A British statesman, born at Clyde Farm. County Louth, Ireland. He graduated in 1S4.5, at Christ Church, Ox- ford, and from 1847 to 1874 sat in Parliament for County Louth. He became a member of the Privy Council in 1804, and in the following year Chief Secretary for Ireland, succeeding Sir Robert Peel. This secretaryship he resumed under (Jladstone's first administration, and in the preparation of the Land Bill of 1870 he rendered invaluable assistance. lie became president of the Board of Trade in 1871, Lord Privv Seal in 1881. and in 1883 President of the Coiincil. He rejected the Home Rule cause in 188G, and was thenceforth a Liberal Unionist. He published a pamphlet. Christian Profession Xot the Test of Citizenship (1848). CARLINI, kar-le'ne, Fbaxcesco (1783-1862). An Italian astronomer, born in Milan. He de- voted himself to the study of astronomy, and during the last thirty years of his life acted as director of the astronomical observatory of his native town. His published works include: Esposi:none di tin nuoio metodo di costruire le tavole astronomiche applicato alle tavole del sole (1810), and yuoce tavole de moti apparenti del sole (1832). CAR'LINVILLE. A city and county-seat of Macoupin County, 111., (iO miles north by east of Saint Louis, ilo., on the Chicago and Alton and other railroads (Map: Illinois, B 4). It is the seat of Blackburn University (Presby- terian), opened in 1859, and contains a hand- some county court-house. The city is an im- portant centre for local trade, and has coalmin- ing interests. Settled in 1833, Carlinville was incorporated in 1865. The government is ad- ministered by a mayor, elected '.iennially, and a municipal council. Population, iu 1800, 3293; in 1900. 3502. CARLISLE, kiir-lil' (Brit. Caer Lucl. from caer, city, and Luel, connected with Irish Lug, name of a god, (^HG. lochon, to lure. Lett, liigt, to praj- : cf . the Lat. form, probably a translation, l.ufjurallutii). A Parliamentary and municipal borough and an episcopal city, the capital of the County of Cumberland, England, 7 miles from Solway Firth, .300 miles north-northwest of Lon- don. 101 miles south of Edinburgh, and 60 miles west-southwest of Newcastle ( .Map : England, C 2). It stands on an eminence in a wide plain at the confluence of, and nearly surrounded by, the Eden, Caldew, and Petteril. The cathedral, a red freestone structure, was founded by Wil- liam Rufus, and dedicated in 1101 by Henry I.; in 1133 it was made the cathedral church of the newly formed diocese. A great part of the orig- inal Xorman building was destroyed by fire in 1292. Two-thirds of the fine Norman nave, orig- inally 141 feet long, were destroyed by Crom- well; the portion that Avas left has long been used as a parish church. The choir is one of the finest in England, 138 feet long and 72 feet high, and consists of eight pointed arches. The east window, consisting of nine lights, is con- sidered the finest decorated window in England. The tower is very low, rising but one story above the choii". The castle was founded in 1092, and is now used as barracks; the remains of the keep form a massive lofty tower, with a very deep well, ilary, Qieen of Scots, was con- fined in the castle after the battle of Langside. In spite of its antiquity, Carlisle is a thoroughly luodern town in its appearance and facilities. Jlany fine new streets and buildings have been recently constructed, and the city has gradually come into possession of all the quasi-public works. It owns its water and gas works, and since 1899 has operated an elecfrie-light plant. Its markets and slaughter-houses are a profit- able source of municipal revenue, and it main- tains a library, a museum, and technical schools. It sends one member to Parliament. Seven rail- way lines enter Carlisle, which is connected by rail with the port of Silloth, 20 miles distant, where an extensive dock has been constructed on the Solway. The chief industries are the manufac- ture of cottons and calicoes, iron-works, and dye- ing establishments. The salmon-fishing in the Eden is also of some importance. The United States has a resident consular agent. Population, in 1851, 26,310; in 1891, 39,200: in 1901, 45,.500. Carlisle was a Roman station, iinder the name of Luguvalhun. It was the seat of the ancient kings of Cumbria, and bore the British name of Caer Luel. It was frequently ravaged by the Picts and Scots, and about 875 it was destroyed by the Danes, after which it remained desolate for 200 years. Thence, to the imion of England and Scotland, it was closely connected with the border wars, and underwent many sieges. Dur- ing the Civil War it declared for King Charles, and suffered severely at the hands of the Parlia- mentarians. Carlisle, in 1745, surrendered to the Pretender. The Duke of Cumberland after- wards took the city, and punished the leaders with death. The Carlisle tables of mortality, based on the deaths which occurred in Carlisle, 1779-87, were drawn up by Dr. Heysham, and have been ever since much used as a basis for life-insurance policies. Consult: Creighton, Carlisle (London, 1889) ; Freeman, "Carlisle in English History," in Archmoloqical Journal, Vol. XXXIX. (London, 1882) : Jlarks, "Public Works in Carlisle," in The Suriciior, Vol. XVII. (London, 1900). CARLISLE. A borough and county-seat of Cumberland Cotmty, Pa., 18 miles west-southwest of Harrisburg, on the Cuml)erland Valley and the Philadelphia and Reading railroads (Map: Penn- .'ylvania. D 3). It is in a highly productive agri- cultural region, is well built,' with broad and handsome streets, and has several fine public buildings. It is the seat of Dickinson College (Jlethodist Episcopal) (q.v.). of the United States Indian Training and Industrial School, and of the^Ietzger Institute for Girls. The in- dustries include machine-shops, chain and frog switch works, shoe- factories, flour-mills, paper- lox factories, carpet-factories, etc. Afonnt Holly Springs, in the mountains, is a popular summer