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* CAREY. 213 CARGO. under Linnert, Roisein^rave, and Geminiani. lie taught lor a livinjj. and wrote a number of musical dramas and ballad operas. He was the author of the libretto of TIic Drai/on of ^ya)^^Iey. music by Lampe (London. October 2. 17.37), and he also published si.K cantatas (1732). and The Musical Centum, or a Hundred ICnqlish Ballads (1737; 3ded., 1743). Some of bis Poems (1729) were highly jiraised by Addison. His name will be remembered for bis ballad, ''Sally in Our AUe.v." He died in London. His son, George S.wiLLE CviiEY (1743-1807), poet and dramatist, endeavored to establisli his father's claim to the composition of "God Save the King" (q.v.). but the question is still undecided. Carey's grand- daughter. Anne, was the mother of Edmund Kean, the tragedian. CAREY, He.xry Charles (1793-1879). An American economist, bom in Philadelphia. In 1830 he published an essay on the Rate of Wages, which was e.xpanded into t!ie Principles of Political Econonu/ ( 1837-40). The value of this work may be estimated from the fact that no less an authority tlian Frederic Bastiat copied its leading ideas. It was translated into Ital- ian and Swedish, and favorably noticed in all the important politico - economic journals of Europe. In 1838 Carey published The Credit System of France, Great Britain, and the Unit- ed States; and in 1848, The Past, the Present, and the Future, a work marked by great vigor and originality. In 1853 appeared the Letters on the International Copyright; in 1858, Prin- ciples of Social Science; in 1867, Revieio of the Decade lSo7-l)7 ; and in 1873, The Unity of Law. Carey was originally a free-trader, but later became a foremost champion of protection. He held that though free trade might be the ideal toward which we should tend, a period of pro- tection is an indispensable stage in the progress toward it. CAREY, JIathew (1760-1839). An Irish autlior and publisher. In consequence of pub- lishing an address to the Irish Roman Catholics on their oppression by the penal code (about 1778). he was compelled to leave Ireland, but returned within a year, and established, in 1783, the Volunteer's Journal. His attacks upon Par- liament and the Ministry caused his imprison- ment in Newgate until the dissolution of Parlia- ment. He arrived at Pliiladelphia by the aid of Lafayette, who sent him $400, and immediate- ly started The Pennsylvania Uerald, one of the first papers in the country to furnish accurate reports of legislative debates. In January, 1786, he fought a duel with Colonel Oswald, another editor, and was seriously wounded. He was subsequently connected with the Columbian Magazine and the American Museum. In 1791 he began trade as a bookseller, and, with his sons, built up a prosperous business. During the epidemic of yellow fever in 1793 he was active in the work of relief, and afterwards wrote a history of the disease. In 1793 he, with others, founded the Hil>ernian Society, and in 1796 he assisted Bishop White in establishing the first Sunday-school Society. Carey was a con- stant writer, and published a great number of essays on party politics, political economy, and social questions. Among liis favorite ideas were internal improvements and a protective tariff. He died in Philadelphia. His son, Henrj- Charles Carey (q.v.), was one of the foremost American writers on political economy. CAREY, RcsA KofciiETTE. An English novcli:>t. born and educated in London, and now residing at East Putney. Beginning in 1868, she produced a large number of wholesome if not brilliant novels. Various fashions in novel- writing have come and gone, but she has held throughout to a simple and unaffected chronicle of conunonplace folk. Of her work a good speci- men is Other People's Lives (1897), a collection of short stories. Others are Xellie's Memories (1868) : Robert Ord's Atonement (1873) ; Wooed and Married (1875): Onli/ the Governess (1888) ; Mrs. Romney (1894) ; My Lady Frivol (1899): Life's Trivial Round (1900). CAREY, William (1761-1834). An English Baptist missionary and Orientalist, born near Xorthampton, England. At the age of fourteen he was apprenticed to a shoemaker, but in 1786 was chosen minister of a Baptist congregation at Jloulton, and in 1789 at Leicester. While preaching, he studied Greek, Latin, and Hebrew by himself, and in 1793 was sent as first Bap- tist missionary to India by the Baptist Mis- sionary Society, which he had helped to organize. At first his financial support from home was so meagre that he had to accept employment as su- perintendent of an indigo factory. Neverthe- less, he established a church near the factory at ilaldah, and preached in the language of the natives. Five years later he removed to Seram- pur, a Danish colony. Under his direction this mission had up to 1832 issued about 200,000 Bibles, or portions thereof, in about forty Ori- ental languages or dialects, besides a great num- ber of tracts and other religious works in various languages. A great proportion of the actual lit- erary labor involved in these undertakings was performed by Carey himself, whose Sanskrit and other Oriental grammars and dictionaries are highly regarded by English scholars. He was professor of Oriental languages at Fort William College, Calcutta, from 1800 to 1830. For his biography consult: Eustace Carey (Lon- don, 1836), and "George Smith (London," 1885). CARGILL, kar'gil, Donald (e.IG19-81). A Scottish covenanting preacher. He was educated at Aberdeen and Saint Andrews, and in 1655 was appointed to a church in Glasgow. He pro- nounced the restoration of Charles II. a public calamity, and for this he was deprived of his church and banished beyond the Tay. He was wounded in the battle of Bothwell, but made his escape; soon joined Richard Cameron in publish- ing the Sanquhar declaration, and boldly excom- nmnicated Charles II., the Duke of York, and various high officials. He was soon afterwards arrested and beheaded in Edinburgh. CARGO (Sp., burden, Fr. charge, from Med. Lat. earricarc, to load a car, from Lat. carrus, car). A general term for all the merchandise carried on board a trading-ship. Sometimes it is applied also to the invoice of the cargo. The term deck-cargo is given to the commodities on deck, which are not usually included in the policy of insurance. For the security of the cus- toms revenue, the master of every coasting-vassel is bound to keep a cargo-book recording the name of the vessel, the name of the owner, the port of dei)arture. the port of destination, the goods taken, tlie names of the shippers and con-